Urolithiasis : Basic Science and Clinical Practice

__Urolithiasis: Basic Science and Clinical Practice__ is a comprehensive text that assists urologists in defining the best choice of treatment for each case through a balanced presentation of underlying science, diagnostic methods and practical tips, with additional discussions on educational issues, costs and management of resources. This user-friendly practical resource is replete with full-color illustrations and radiographs, covering all aspects of stone disease, and offering perspectives from Europe, the Americas, China, South Asia, Africa, and Australia. Topics include the biochemical and physiological basis of stone formation, treatment options, complications, assessment of techniques and technologies available, and guidelines on the prevention of stone recurrence. __Urolithiasis: Basic Science and Clinical Practice__ is the definitive text on stone disease and is a must read for young consultants starting a new practice, and urologists in residence and training. Front Matter....Pages i-xl Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Epidemiology of Kidney Stones in the European Union....Pages 3-12 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in North America....Pages 13-20 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Pakistan....Pages 21-38 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Northern India....Pages 39-46 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Kerala, South India....Pages 47-51 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in China....Pages 53-59 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in South America....Pages 61-66 Epidemiology: South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa....Pages 67-71 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Australia....Pages 73-76 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Saudi Arabia with an Overview of the Regional Differences....Pages 77-83 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Iran....Pages 85-87 Epidemiology of Stone Disease Over a 40-Year Period in Japan....Pages 89-96 Epidemiology of Stone Disease in the Russian Federation and Post-Soviet Era....Pages 97-105 Renal Stone Disease in Different Racial Groups....Pages 107-110 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Stone Composition and Morphology: A Window on Etiology....Pages 113-140 The Genetics of Kidney Stones....Pages 141-149 Familial Clustering of Stone Disease....Pages 151-154 Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: Basic and Clinical Aspects....Pages 155-164 Oxalate and Urolithiasis....Pages 165-175 Anti-inflammatory Proteins in Kidney Stone Matrix....Pages 177-181 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Physiology of Renal Handling of Citrate....Pages 183-186 Urinary Citrate and Stone Disease....Pages 187-194 Renal Tubular Acidosis and Stone Formation....Pages 195-198 Nephrolithiasis and Its Interrelationship with Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcium....Pages 199-207 Current Understanding of the Role of Randall’s Plaque....Pages 209-218 Melamine-Associated Urinary Stone....Pages 219-226 Trace Elements in Urolithiasis....Pages 227-230 Infection Stones....Pages 231-235 Epidemiological and Etiological Considerations....Pages 237-240 Front Matter....Pages 241-241 Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Stones: An Overview....Pages 243-250 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Stone Disease in Emergency Settings....Pages 251-254 The Utilization of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Urolithiasis....Pages 255-263 The Role of Radiological Imaging....Pages 265-270 Radiation Exposure in Uroradiology....Pages 271-275 The Use of Low-Dose CT Scanning....Pages 277-281 The Physics of Ultrasound and X-Rays: A Primer for Urologists....Pages 283-289 Front Matter....Pages 291-291 The Stone Surgeon/Lithotomists’ Armamentarium: Today and Tomorrow....Pages 293-299 Physics and Technique of Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL)....Pages 301-311 Laser Lithotripsy Physics....Pages 313-325 Bioeffects of Shock Wave Lithotripsy....Pages 327-332 Front Matter....Pages 291-291 History and Development of the Ureteroscope: What Does the Future Hold?....Pages 333-342 The Operating Room Technicians’ and Nurses’ Roles in Urologic Surgery....Pages 343-346 Innovation in Stone Disease....Pages 347-350 Front Matter....Pages 351-351 The Management of a Patient with an Acute Stone Problem....Pages 353-361 Open Surgery: Current Status and Techniques....Pages 363-373 Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Present Indications and Future Prospects....Pages 375-382 What You Should Know About Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and How You Can Improve Your Performance....Pages 383-393 Examples of Clinical Problems that Might Be Encountered in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy....Pages 395-400 SWL of Renal and Ureteral Stones: The Chinese Experience....Pages 401-409 Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS)....Pages 411-416 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)....Pages 417-426 Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy....Pages 427-432 Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: The Chinese Approach....Pages 433-437 Percutaneous Nephrostomy, Antegrade Stent Placement, and Radiological Control of Post-PCNL Bleeding....Pages 439-444 Management Strategies for Staghorn Stones....Pages 445-453 Ureteral Stone Management: An Overview....Pages 455-462 Ureteroscopy for Ureteric Stones....Pages 463-472 Tricks for Successful Ureteroscopy....Pages 473-480 Lasers in Stone Disease....Pages 481-485 Ureteric Stents: Their Use and Abuse....Pages 487-501 Front Matter....Pages 351-351 Ureteric Stenting: Tips and Tricks....Pages 503-507 Transperitoneal Laparoscopic and Retroperitoneoscopic Stone Treatment....Pages 509-514 Role of Robotic-Assisted Surgery in the Management of Urolithiasis....Pages 515-518 Management of Urinary Bladder Calculi....Pages 519-525 Current Status of Medical Expulsion Therapy for Urinary Calculi....Pages 527-531 Dissolution of Stones by Oral and Irrigative Therapy....Pages 533-537 Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Urinary Stones....Pages 539-541 Patient Safety and the Importance of Informed Consent....Pages 543-546 Anesthesia and Pain Relief for Procedures Performed to Manage Urolithiasis....Pages 547-554 Front Matter....Pages 555-555 Shock Wave Lithotripsy, Endourological Intervention, and Hemostatic Defects....Pages 557-561 Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices....Pages 563-565 Stone Disease in Pregnancy....Pages 567-574 Minimally Invasive Treatment of Calculi in Renal Anomalies....Pages 575-586 Kidney Stones and Chronic Kidney Disease....Pages 587-593 Calculus Renal Failure in Pakistan....Pages 595-600 Urolithiasis in Renal Transplant Donors and Recipients....Pages 601-610 Primary Hyperoxaluria: The Role and Timing of Liver and Kidney Transplantation....Pages 611-617 Front Matter....Pages 619-619 Metabolic Stone Disease in Children....Pages 621-630 Pediatric Urinary Stone Disease in China....Pages 631-638 Patient Evaluation and Comparison of Stone-Removing Strategies in Pediatric Patients with Urinary Tract Stones....Pages 639-646 Front Matter....Pages 619-619 Pediatric Vesicle Stone....Pages 647-653 Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stone in Children....Pages 655-658 Endourological Approaches to Renal and Ureteric Calculi in Children....Pages 659-668 Front Matter....Pages 669-669 Biochemical Risk Evaluation in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 671-682 Application of Physical Methods to Kidney Stones and Randall’s Plaque Characterization....Pages 683-707 General and Specific Dietary Advice for the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 709-719 Overview of Stone Prevention Strategies in China....Pages 721-726 Management of Hypercalciuria and Oxalates in the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 727-733 Citrate Therapy for Calcium and Uric Acid Stones....Pages 735-743 The Importance of Water and Other Fluids in the Prevention of Stone Recurrence....Pages 745-749 Orthophosphates....Pages 751-756 Management of Cystinuria....Pages 757-765 The Detection and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Urolithiasis....Pages 767-783 Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism: An Illustrative Case Scenario....Pages 785-790 How to Perform a Successful Exploration of the Neck for Primary Hyperparathyroidism....Pages 791-799 Front Matter....Pages 801-801 Professional Development and Competence of Physicians....Pages 803-805 Assessment in Postgraduate Training....Pages 807-818 Assessment of Competence....Pages 819-825 Modern Concepts on Cognito-Psychomotor Skill Development....Pages 827-836 Integration of Competences....Pages 837-840 Front Matter....Pages 801-801 Education and Training of an Academic Urologic Surgeon....Pages 841-854 Advanced Training of a Practicing Urologist in Stone Disease Management....Pages 855-862 Across Semantic Turfs: The Need for Broader Education....Pages 863-867 Stimulating Research and Innovation in Residents....Pages 869-871 Front Matter....Pages 873-873 Bringing Sophisticated High-Technology Surgical Care to the Rural Masses: What Is India Doing?....Pages 875-879 Bringing Highly Technological Urolithiasis Care to a Billion People: What Is China Doing?....Pages 881-883 Lithotripter Sharing....Pages 885-889 Choosing and Purchasing Expensive Medical Equipment: A Hospital Perspective....Pages 891-896 Comparative Costs of Various Treatment Strategies and Preventive Measures....Pages 897-901 Financial Options for Purchase, Lease, and Hire of Lithotripters....Pages 903-906 The Engagement of Philanthropy....Pages 907-913 The Impact on Health Care of the Recent Global Epidemiological Trends in Urolithiasis....Pages 915-919 Societal Changes and the Etiology of Stone Disease....Pages 921-927 Front Matter....Pages 929-929 Case Scenarios and Interesting Images in Urolithiasis....Pages 931-957 Back Matter....Pages 959-982