Wearable Bioelectronics (Materials Today)

__Wearable Bioelectronics__ presents the latest on physical and (bio)chemical sensing for wearable electronics. It covers the miniaturization of bioelectrodes and high-throughput biosensing platforms while also presenting a systemic approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications. The book addresses the fundamentals, materials, processes and devices for wearable bioelectronics, showcasing key applications, including device fabrication, manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Topics covered include self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors, epidermal electronics and other exciting applications. Front matter Copyright Contributors Preface Materials, systems, and devices for wearable bioelectronics Introduction Materials and structural design for flexible/stretchable sensors Flexible/stretchable substrate Functional/active materials Graphene CNT Semiconductor NWs Polymers Elastomeric nanocomposites Stretchable electrodes Structural approaches for flexibility/stretchability Flexible/stretchable sensor devices for wearable bioelectronics Pressure/strain sensors Temperature sensors (Bio)chemical sensors Conclusions and perspectives References Further reading Wearable chemical sensors Target biomarker categories Electrolytes Metabolites Hormones Proteins and peptides Suitable chemical sensing interfaces Ion-selective electrodes Enzymatic sensors Affinity-based chemical sensors Synthetic receptor-based chemical sensors Electrochemical sensor integration Microfluidic interfaces Electronic integration Practical design considerations for wearable biomarker analysis References Wearable biosensors and sample handling strategies Wearable biosensors Tear-based biosensors Saliva-based biosensors Sweat-based biosensors Subcutaneous and implantable sensors Sample handling strategies Sampling strategies of sweat Sampling strategies of other bodily fluids Microfluidic-based wearable devices Colorimetric sensors Electrochemical sensors Conclusion References Powering wearable bioelectronic devices Introduction Wearable energy storage/supply devices Batteries Limitations of conventional lithium batteries for wearable bioelectronics Strategies to increase battery durability Flexible/stretchable batteries Electrochemical capacitors Charge storage mechanism Flexible electrochemical capacitors Wearable energy-harvesting devices Biofuel cells Figure-of-Merit for BFCs Noninvasive body fluid-based BFCs Self-powered biosensors Human body physical energy harvesters Thermal energy harvesters Kinetic energy harvesters Photovoltaic cells Wireless power transfer Problems and future perspectives References Further reading E-skin and wearable systems for health care Introduction Components of e-skin systems Substrates Active switching devices Sensors Tactile sensors Field effect transistor-based sensors Interconnects Actuators Applications of e-skin Topical e-skin systems Diagnostic/monitoring patch Preventive care: Wearable UV dosimeter Plantar pressure monitoring insole Bio-electric recording Electrocardiogram Electromyography Implantable e-skin Neurotechnology Neural implants Intramuscular EMG skin Treatment of neuropathic pain Inanimato e-skin Prosthetic skin Surgical tools and robotic surgery Summary References Further reading Wearable device for thermotherapies Introduction Thermal applications Thermal monitoring Thermal comfort Pain management Cancer therapy Material Conductors Dielectrics Fabrication methods and challenges Conductive printing Laminating and etching Weaving Knitting Embroidery Antenna (electrode) Contact flexible microstrip applicators Conformal microwave array Multielement spiral antenna Breast array thermotherapy Current sheet applicators Other design considerations Water bolus Numerical and tissue-equivalent numerical phantoms References Soft actuator materials for textile muscles and wearable bioelectronics Introduction Advantages of textiles for actuators Smart textiles Yarn actuators Textile actuators Thermally activated textile actuators CP textile actuators Application areas Conclusions Acknowledgments References Further reading Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Wearable Bioelectronics presents the latest on physical and (bio)chemical sensing for wearable electronics. It covers the miniaturization of bioelectrodes and high-throughput biosensing platforms while also presenting a systemic approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications. The book addresses the fundamentals, materials, processes and devices for wearable bioelectronics, showcasing key applications, including device fabrication, manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Topics covered include self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors, epidermal electronics and other exciting applications. Includes comprehensive and systematic coverage of the most exciting and promising bioelectronics, processes for their fabrication, and their applications in healthcare ; Reviews innovative applications, such as self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors and electronic skin ; Examines and discusses the future of wearable bioelectronics ; Addresses the wearable electronics market as a development of the healthcare industry