شبکه‌های حسگر بی‌سیم: معماری‌ها و پروتکل‌ها

Because they provide practical machine-to-machine communication at a very low cost, the popularity of wireless sensor networks is expected to skyrocket in the next few years, duplicating the recent explosion of wireless LANs. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols describes how to build these networks, from the layers of the communication protocol through the design of network nodes. This overview summarizes the multiple applications of wireless sensor networks, then discusses network device design and the requirements that foster the successful performance of these applications. The book discusses factors affecting network design, including the partitioning of node functions into integrated circuits, low power system design, power sources, and the interaction between antenna selection and product design. It presents design techniques that improve electromagnetic compatibility and reduce damage from electrostatic discharge. The text also describes the design features of the wireless devices themselves, presenting a thorough analysis of the technology that engineers and students need to design and build the many future applications that will incorporate wireless sensor networks. Table of Contents 1 BackCover 2 Wireless Sensor Networks-Architectures and Protocols 3 Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks 6 1.2 NETWORK PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 16 1.3 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THIS BOOK 21 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK 22 REFERENCES 23 Chapter 2: The Development of Wireless Sensor Networks 27 2.2 WIRELESS DATA NETWORKS 36 2.3 WIRELESS SENSOR AND RELATED NETWORKS 41 REFERENCES 46 Chapter 3: The Physical Layer 53 3.2 SOME PHYSICAL LAYER EXAMPLES 55 3.3 A PRACTICAL PHYSICAL LAYER FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 58 3.4 SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS 67 3.5 CONCLUSION 72 REFERENCES 73 Chapter 4: The Data Link Layer 77 4.2 MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL TECHNIQUES 79 4.3 THE MEDIATION DEVICE (MD) 86 4.4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION 92 4.5 CONCLUSION 95 REFERENCES 96 Chapter 5: The Network Layer 99 5.2 SOME NETWORK DESIGN EXAMPLES 100 5.3 A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK DESIGN EMPLOYING A CLUSTER TREE ARCHITECTURE[52] 107 5.4 SIMULATIONS 112 5.5 RESULTS 116 5.6 CONCLUSION 122 REFERENCES 123 Chapter 6: Practical Implementation Issues 127 6.2 THE PARTITIONING DECISION 128 6.3 TRANSDUCER INTERFACES 136 6.4 TIME BASE ACCURACY AND AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION 140 6.5 CONCLUSION 143 REFERENCES 144 Chapter 7: Power Management 145 7.2 POWER SOURCES 146 7.3 LOADS 167 7.4 VOLTAGE CONVERTERS AND REGULATORS 178 7.5 POWER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 186 7.6 CONCLUSION 187 REFERENCES 188 Chapter 8: Antennas and the Definition of RF Performance 194 8.2 ANTENNAS 195 8.3 RF PERFORMANCE DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT 205 8.4 CONCLUSION 216 REFERENCES 217 Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Compatibility 219 9.2 EMC: THE PROBLEM 220 9.3 EXAMPLES OF SELF-INTERFERENCE 221 9.4 THE PHYSICS ASSOCIATED WITH EMC PROBLEMS 223 9.5 PRINCIPLES OF PROPER LAYOUT 248 9.6 THE LAYOUT PROCESS 249 9.7 DETECTIVE/CORRECTIVE TECHNIQUES 255 9.8 CONCLUSION 257 REFERENCES 258 Chapter 10: Electrostatic Discharge 260 10.2 THE PROBLEM 261 10.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE 264 10.4 THE EFFECTS OF ESD ON ICS 267 10.5 MODELING AND TEST STANDARDS 269 10.6 PRODUCT DESIGN TO MINIMIZE ESD PROBLEMS 272 10.7 CONCLUSION 281 REFERENCES 282 Chapter 11: Wireless Sensor Network Standards 285 11.2 THE IEEE 802.15.4 LOW-RATE WPAN STANDARD 286 11.3 THE ZIGBEE ALLIANCE 290 11.4 THE IEEE 1451.5 WIRELESS SMART TRANSDUCER INTERFACE STANDARD 291 REFERENCES 293 Chapter 12: Summary and Opportunities for Future Development 294 12.2 OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 297 REFERENCES 300 Appendix A: Signal Processing Worksystem (SPW) 301 Appendix B: WinneuRFon 302 B.2 MOTIVATION 303 B.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 304 B.4 SUPPORTED FEATURES 306 B.5 CURRENT STATUS AND ACHIEVEMENT 307 B.6 SIMULATION METHOD AND MORE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONALITIES 309 B.7 PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE WORK 311 B.8 SUMMARY 312 Appendix C: An Example Wireless Sensor Network Transceiver Integrated Circuit (IC) 313 Index 317 Index_B 319 Index_C 321 Index_D 325 Index_E 328 Index_F 331 Index_G 332 Index_H 333 Index_I 334 Index_J 336 Index_K 337 Index_L 338 Index_M 340 Index_N 343 Index_O 346 Index_P 347 Index_Q 350 Index_R 351 Index_S 353 Index_T 356 Index_U 358 Index_V 359 Index_W-Y 360 Index_Z 362 List of Exhibits 363 This book describes how to build wireless sensor networks, from the layers of communication protocols through the design of network nodes. It summarizes the multiple applications of wireless sensor networks, then discusses network device design and the requirements that foster the successful performance of these applications. The book discusses factors affecting network design, including the partitioning of node functions into integrated circuits, low power system design, power sources, and the interaction between antenna selection and product design. It presents design techniques that improve Introduction to Wireless Sensor NetworksApplications and MotivationNetwork Performance ObjectivesContributions of this BookOrganization of this BookThe Development of Wireless Sensor NetworksEarly Wireless NetworksWireless Data NetworksWireless Sensor and Related NetworksConclusionThe Physical LayerSome Physical Layer ExamplesA Practical Physical Layer for Wireless Sensor NetworksSimulations and ResultsConclusionThe Data Link LayerMedium Access Control TechniquesThe Mediation DeviceSystem Analysis and SimulationConclusionThe Network LayerSome Network Design ExamplesA Wireless Sensor Network De Front cover; Dedication; Contents; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks; Chapter 2. The Development of Wireless Sensor Networks; Chapter 3. The Physical Layer; Chapter 4. The Data Link Layer; Chapter 5. The Network Layer; Chapter 6. Practical Implementation Issues; Chapter 7. Power Management; Chapter 8. Antennas and the Definition of RF Performance; Chapter 9. Electromagnetic Compatibility; Chapter10. Electrostatic Discharge; Chapter 11. Wireless Sensor Network Standards; Chapter 12. Summary and Opportunities for Future Development Describes how to build wireless sensor networks, from the layers of communication protocols through the design of network nodes. This book summarizes the applications of wireless sensor networks. It discusses network device design and the requirements that foster successful performance. It describes the design features of the wireless devices. Appendix A: Signal Processing Worksystem (SPW)Appendix B: WinneuRFon; Appendix C: An Example Wireless Sensor Network Transceiver Integrated Circuit (IC); About the Author ; Index; Back cover In recent years, the desire for connectivity has caused an exponential growth in wireless communication.