Basic Geriatric Nursing

Provide compassionate, professional nursing care for older adults! Designed for LPN/LVNs, Basic Geriatric Nursing, 8th Edition offers a practical introduction to concepts of aging and the physiologic and psychosocial changes that affect the elderly adult. Clear guidelines help you master basic skills such as health assessment, nursing diagnosis, therapeutic communication, medication administration, and nursing interventions in a variety of health care settings. New Next-Generation NCLEX ® examination-style case studies help you develop clinical judgment, and nursing care plans show how to apply theory to practice. Written by experienced nursing educator Patricia Williams, this book provides the knowledge and skills you need to care for an aging population. Learning features in each chapter include objectives, key terms with phonetic pronunciations, basic concepts, and clinical application, all connected by case examples and a relevant research study or analysis of multiple studies. Nursing Process sections provide a framework for nursing care of older adults as related to specific disorders. Get Ready for the NCLEX ® Examination! sections include key points, additional learning resources, and NCLEX review questions with answers and rationales on the Evolve website. Nursing Care Plans provide real-world examples of care plans along with critical thinking questions. Nursing interventions are grouped by health care setting, e.g., acute care, extended care, home care. Clinical Situation boxes highlight real-life care scenarios. Coordinated Care boxes address leadership and management issues for the LPN/LVN, and include topics such as restraints and end-of-life care. Critical Thinking boxes help you develop and improve skills in clinical judgment. Special boxes are included for health promotion, safety, nurse alerts, patient education, cultural considerations, home health considerations, complementary health approaches, and more. Medication tables summarize information about drugs commonly used in geriatric nursing. NEW! Next-Generation NCLEX ® examination-style case studies at the end of chapters include new-format questions to help you prepare for the licensure examination. NEW! Discussion of the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model helps you learn decision making and develop the skills needed to plan effective nursing care. NEW! Free Study Guide on the Evolve website includes Next-Generation case studies and review questions to reinforce your understanding. Cover IFC Half Title Contents in Brief Title Dedication Contributors and Reviewers LPN/LVN Advisory Board To the Instructor A tailored education experience To the Student Contents 1 - Trends and Issues Key Terms INTRODUCTION TO GERIATRIC NURSING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE STUDY OF AGING WHAT’S IN A NAME: GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY, AND GERONTICS ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING GERONTOPHOBIA Ageism Age Discrimination DEMOGRAPHICS SCOPE OF THE AGING POPULATION GENDER AND ETHNIC DISPARITY THE BABY BOOMERS GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE OLDER ADULT POPULATION MARITAL STATUS EDUCATIONAL STATUS ECONOMICS OF AGING POVERTY INCOME WEALTH HOUSING ARRANGEMENTS HEALTH CARE PROVISIONS MEDICARE AND MEDICAID RISING COSTS AND LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY COSTS AND END-OF-LIFE CARE ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND PHYSICIAN ORDERS FOR LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT IMPACT OF AGING MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY REFLECTION BY A NURSING PROFESSOR THE NURSE AND FAMILY INTERACTIONS SELF-NEGLECT ABUSE OR NEGLECT BY THE FAMILY Physical Abuse Neglect Emotional Abuse Financial Abuse Abandonment Responses to Abuse ABUSE BY UNRELATED CAREGIVERS SUPPORT GROUPS RESPITE CARE Get Ready for the Next-Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources  Online Resources Review Questions for the Next-Generation NCLEX® Examination References 2 - Theories of Aging Key Terms BIOLOGIC THEORIES PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Key Points Additional Learning Resources  Online Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination References 3 - Physiologic Changes Key Terms THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Pressure Injuries Inflammation and Infection Hypothermia THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Bones Vertebrae Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments Muscles Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Osteoporosis Degenerative Joint Disease Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Bursitis Gouty Arthritis THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Air Exchange (Respiration) Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Influenza COVID-19 Pneumonia Tuberculosis Lung Cancer THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Blood Vessels Conduction System Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Valve Disease Cardiac Arrhythmias Heart Failure Cardiomegaly Peripheral Vascular Disease Occlusive Peripheral Vascular Problems Varicose Veins Aneurysm Hypertensive Disease THE HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS Blood Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets Lymph System Lymph Vessels, Fluid, and Nodes Spleen and Thymus Lymphocytes and Immunity Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Anemia Leukemia THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Oral Cavity Tongue Salivary Glands Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Hiatal Hernia Gastritis and Ulcers Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Cancer Hemorrhoids Rectal Prolapse THE URINARY SYSTEM Kidneys Ureters and Bladder Characteristics of Urine Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infection Chronic Kidney Disease THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous System Medulla Pons and Midbrain Cerebellum Hypothalamus Cerebrum Peripheral Nervous System Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Parkinson Disease Dementia Alzheimer Dementia Alternative Treatments for Alzheimer Disease Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke THE SPECIAL SENSES The Eyes Refraction Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Blepharitis Diplopia Cataracts Glaucoma Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Detachment The Ears Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Otosclerosis Tinnitus Deafness Ménière Disease Taste and Smell Expected Age-Related Changes THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Pancreas Adrenal Glands Ovaries and Testes Expected Age-Related Changes Common Disorders Seen With Aging Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia Hypothyroidism THE REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY SYSTEMS Female Reproductive Organs Male Reproductive Organs Expected Age-Related Changes Changes in Women Changes in Men Common Disorders Seen With Aging Uterine Prolapse Vaginal Infection Breast Cancer Prostate Cancer Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination References 4 - Health Promotion, Health Maintenance, and Home Health Considerations Key Terms RECOMMENDED HEALTH PRACTICES FOR OLDER ADULTS DIET EXERCISE TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND PREVENTIVE OVERALL CARE DENTAL EXAMINATIONS AND PREVENTIVE ORAL CARE MAINTAINING HEALTHY ATTITUDES FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALTH PROMOTION AND MAINTENANCE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS CULTURAL BELIEFS KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION MOBILITY PERCEPTIONS OF AGING IMPACT OF COGNITIVE AND SENSORY CHANGES IMPACT OF CHANGES RELATED TO ACCESSIBILITY HOME HEALTH UNPAID CAREGIVER PAID CAREGIVERS TYPES OF HOME SERVICES NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR INADEQUATE HEALTH MAINTENANCE AND INADEQUATE HEALTH MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR NONADHERENCE WITH THE TREATMENT PLAN ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues Data Analysis/Problem Identification PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Online Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination References 5 - Communicating With Older Adults Key Terms INFORMATION SHARING (FRAMING The MESSAGE) FORMAL OR THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION INFORMAL OR SOCIAL COMMUNICATION NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION SYMBOLS TONE OF VOICE BODY LANGUAGE SPACE, DISTANCE, AND POSITION GESTURES FACIAL EXPRESSIONS EYE CONTACT PACE OR SPEED OF COMMUNICATION TIME AND TIMING TOUCH SILENCE EMPATHY, ACCEPTANCE, DIGNITY, AND RESPECT IN COMMUNICATION ACTIVE AND EMPATHETIC LISTENING BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION HEARING IMPAIRMENT APHASIA DEMENTIA CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES INFORMING DIRECT QUESTIONING USING OPEN-ENDED TECHNIQUES CONFRONTING COMMUNICATING WITH VISITORS AND FAMILIES DELIVERING BAD NEWS HAVING DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS IMPROVING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OLDER ADULT AND THEIR PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH THE HEALTH CARE TEAM TELEPHONING PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS PATIENT TEACHING Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination References 6 - Maintaining Fluid Balance and Meeting Nutritional Needs Key Terms NUTRITION AND AGING CALORIC INTAKE NUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS FATS VITAMINS MINERALS FUNCTIONAL FOODS WATER MALNUTRITION AND THE OLDER ADULT FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION IN OLDER ADULTS SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR RISK FOR ALTERED NUTRITION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues APPETITE CHANGES NUTRITIONAL INTAKE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS HOME CARE OR DISCHARGE PLANNING DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR FLUID VOLUME AND POTENTIAL FOR ALTERED INTAKE ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT FLUID VOLUME OVERLOAD DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SWALLOWING ABILITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ASPIRATION RISK ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Key Points Additional Learning Resources Online Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 7 - Medications and Older Adults Key Terms RISKS RELATED TO DRUG TESTING METHODS RISKS RELATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF AGING PHARMACOKINETICS Drug Absorption Drug Distribution Drug Metabolism Drug Excretion PHARMACODYNAMICS Polypharmacy POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS RISKS RELATED TO COGNITIVE OR SENSORY CHANGES RISKS RELATED TO INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE RISKS RELATED TO FINANCIAL FACTORS MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION IN AN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING NURSING ASSESSMENT AND MEDICATION MEDICATION AND THE NURSING CARE PLAN NURSING INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Right Patient Right Medication Right Amount Right Dosage Form Right Route Right Time Right Documentation PATIENT RIGHTS AND MEDICATION SELF-MEDICATION AND OLDER ADULTS IN AN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING IN THE HOME TEACHING OLDER ADULTS ABOUT MEDICATIONS SAFETY AND NONADHERENCE ISSUES Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources  Online Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 8 - Health Assessment for Older Adults Key Terms HEALTH SCREENING Health Assessments INTERVIEWING OLDER ADULTS PREPARING THE PHYSICAL SETTING ESTABLISHING RAPPORT STRUCTURING THE INTERVIEW OBTAINING THE HEALTH HISTORY PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS INSPECTION PALPATION AUSCULTATION PERCUSSION MEASURING VITAL SIGNS IN OLDER ADULTS TEMPERATURE PULSE RESPIRATION BLOOD PRESSURE SENSORY ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS The Minimum Data Set 3.0 ASSESSMENT OF CONDITION CHANGE IN OLDER ADULTS FULMER SPICES FANCAPES Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 9 - Meeting Safety Needs of Older Adults Key Terms INTERNAL RISK FACTORS FALLS FALL PREVENTION TOOLS TO ASSESS FOR FALLS SPECIFIC STRATEGIES TO PREVENT FALLS EXTERNAL RISK FACTORS FIRE HAZARDS HOME SECURITY INTERNET SAFETY VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS THERMAL HAZARDS SUMMARY NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR POTENTIAL FOR INJURY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR HYPOTHERMIA/HYPERTHERMIA ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Planning Implementation TO PREVENT HYPERTHERMIA TO PREVENT HYPOTHERMIA Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Key Points Additional Learning Resources  Online Resources Review Questions for The Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 10 - Cognition and Perception Key Terms NORMAL COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE COGNITION AND LANGUAGE NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SENSORY PERCEPTION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Analyze Cues and Prioritize Hypotheses PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR CHRONIC CONFUSION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Nursing Process/Clinical Judgment Model for Altered Communication Ability ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR PAIN ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 11 - Self-Perception and Self-Concept Key Terms NORMAL SELF-PERCEPTION AND SELF-CONCEPT SELF-PERCEPTION/SELF-CONCEPT AND AGING DEPRESSION AND AGING SUICIDE AND AGING NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SELF-PERCEPTION AND ALTERED SELF-CONCEPT ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED BODY IMAGE ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Planning IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR POTENTIAL FOR DECREASED SELF-ESTEEM ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR FEAR ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ANXIETY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DECREASED HOPE ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LOSS OF POWER ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources  Internet Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 12 - Roles and Relationships Key Terms NORMAL ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS ROLES, RELATIONSHIPS, AND AGING NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR COMPLEX GRIEF ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LONELINESS AND POTENTIAL FOR SOCIAL ISOLATION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED FAMILY FUNCTIONING ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 13 - Coping and Stress Key Terms NORMAL STRESS AND COPING PHYSICAL SIGNS OF STRESS COGNITIVE SIGNS OF STRESS Emotional Signs Behavioral Signs STRESS AND ILLNESS STRESS AND LIFE EVENTS STRESS REDUCTION AND COPING STRATEGIES NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LIMITED COPING ABILITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DISRUPTED LIVING SITUATION AND MALADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO DISRUPTED LIVING SITUATION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Recognize Cues DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® examination REFERENCES 14 - Values and Beliefs Key Terms COMMON VALUES AND BELIEFS OF OLDER ADULTS ECONOMIC VALUES INTERPERSONAL VALUES CULTURAL VALUES SPIRITUAL OR RELIGIOUS VALUES NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR SPIRITUAL DISCONNECTION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 15 - End-of-Life Care Key Terms DEATH IN WESTERN CULTURES ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH AND END-OF-LIFE PLANNING ADVANCE DIRECTIVES CAREGIVER ATTITUDES TOWARD END-OF-LIFE CARE VALUES CLARIFICATION RELATED TO DEATH AND END-OF-LIFE CARE WHAT IS A “GOOD” DEATH? WHERE PEOPLE DIE PALLIATIVE CARE COLLABORATIVE ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE COMMUNICATION AT THE END OF LIFE PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES, ASSESSMENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES COMMUNICATION ABOUT DEATH DECISION-MAKING PROCESS Amount and Type of Intervention That Will Be Accepted Significance of Pain and Suffering DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND FEAR PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES, ASSESSMENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS PAIN FATIGUE AND SLEEPINESS CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES RESPIRATORY CHANGES GASTROINTESTINAL CHANGES URINARY CHANGES INTEGUMENTARY CHANGES SENSORY CHANGES CHANGES IN COGNITION DEATH RECOGNIZING IMMINENT DEATH FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS BEREAVEMENT Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 16 - Sexuality and Aging Key Terms FACTORS THAT AFFECT SEXUALITY OF OLDER ADULTS AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN WOMEN AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN MEN IMPACT OF ILLNESS ON SEXUAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MEDICATIONS ON SEXUAL HEALTH LOSS OF A SEX PARTNER MARRIAGE AND OLDER ADULTS CAREGIVERS AND THE SEXUALITY OF OLDER ADULTS SEXUAL ORIENTATION OF OLDER ADULTS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS PRIVACY AND PERSONAL RIGHTS OF OLDER ADULTS NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) Data ANalysis/Problem Identification PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 17 - Care of Aging Skin and Mucous Membranes Key Terms AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS SKIN COLOR DRY SKIN RASHES AND IRRITATION PIGMENTATION TISSUE INTEGRITY PRESSURE INJURIES AMOUNT, DISTRIBUTION, APPEARANCE, AND CONSISTENCY OF HAIR Tissue of the Feet Nails Other Common Foot Problems NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SKIN INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES DENTAL CARIES PERIODONTAL DISEASE PAIN DENTURES DRY MOUTH LEUKOPLAKIA CANCER ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO-RELATED PROBLEMS PROBLEMS CAUSED BY NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination References 18 - Elimination Key Terms NORMAL ELIMINATION PATTERNS ELIMINATION AND AGING CONSTIPATION FECAL IMPACTION NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR CONSTIPATION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION DIARRHEA NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR DIARRHEA ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION FECAL INCONTINENCE NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR FECAL INCONTINENCE ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION URINARY RETENTION URINARY TRACT INFECTION Urinary Incontinence STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE REFLEX URINARY INCONTINENCE OVERFLOW URINARY INCONTINENCE FUNCTIONAL URINARY INCONTINENCE MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR ALTERED URINARY FUNCTION FUNCTIONASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 19 - Activity and Exercise Key Terms NORMAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS ACTIVITY AND AGING EXERCISE RECOMMENDATION FOR OLDER ADULTS EFFECTS OF DISEASE PROCESSES ON ACTIVITY NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED MOBILITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED ACTIVITY TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR PROBLEMS OF OXYGENATION ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SELF-CARE ABILITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DEFICIENT DIVERSIONAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION REHABILITATION NEGATIVE ATTITUDES: THE CONTROLLING OR CUSTODIAL FOCUS POSITIVE ATTITUDES: THE REHABILITATIVE FOCUS Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination! Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES 20 - Sleep and Rest Key Terms SLEEP-REST HEALTH PATTERN NORMAL SLEEP AND REST SLEEP AND AGING SLEEP DISORDERS INSOMNIA SLEEP APNEA CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS REM Sleep-Behavior Disorder NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DISRUPTED SLEEP PATTERN ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION) DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX® Key Points Additional Learning Resources Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination REFERENCES A - Laboratory Values for Older Adults B - The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Geriatric Depression Scale C - Daily Nutritional Goals for Older Adults D - Resources for Older Adults Organizations Aging Associations and Societies Gerontology Centers/Education Centers/Institutes Statistics and Government Sites Journals/Periodicals Educational Resources Information on Exercise Glossary Index IBC