Textbook of Basic Nursing

**Provides students with the knowledge and skills they need to practice nursing safely as LPN/LVNs.** Fully updated to reflect current medical and nursing practice, this Eleventh Edition of **Textbook of Basic Nursing** covers all areas of the curriculum, including Anatomy & Physiology, Fundamentals, Skills, Adult Health, Growth and Development, Mental Health, Maternity and Pediatrics, and Geriatric Considerations. Based on the NCLEX-PN framework, this engaging and comprehensive text provides everything students need to succeed, including short chapters with easy-to-understand content, striking photos and illustrations that bring the content to life, and a wide range of practice-oriented, mastery-focused learning tools both in the book and online, and an available hands-on workbook. Key benefits include:* **Concept Mastery Alerts** use data from PrepU quizzing to highlight common misconceptions and difficult-to-understand material. * **Nursing Alert** s ensure that students obtain the critical information they need to safely practice nursing as LPN/LVNs and succeed on the NCLEX-PN. * **NCLEX Alert** s highlight critical NCLEX-relevant content in each key area. * **In Practice: Nursing Care Plan** s present a case study using NANDA terminology and the Nursing Process to illustrate how to develop a care plan. * **Special Considerations** highlight key culture, lifespan, homecare, or nutrition information. * **In Practice** : **Nursing Procedures** present step-by-step instructions with full-color illustrations and rationales. * **In Practice: Nursing Care Guidelines** contain summaries of important concepts, teaching, skills performance, or nursing considerations. * **In Practice: Educating the Client** boxes highlight important teaching concepts. * **In Practice: Data Gathering in Nursing** summarizes the key information needed in gathering data for nursing observations. * **In Practice: Nursing Process** boxes use the steps of the nursing process to guide the LPN/LVN in effective data collection. * **In Practice: Important Medications** boxes summarize common medications used in treating specific conditions, diseases, and disorders. Part A Foundations of Nursing Unit 1 The Nature of Nursing 1 The Origins of Nursing Nursing’s Heritage Nursing in the United States Nursing Insignia 2 Beginning Your Nursing Career Healthcare: A Multidisciplinary Approach Types of Nursing Programs Approval and Accreditation of Nursing Programs Licensure of Nurses Theories of Nursing Roles and Responsibilities of the Nurse Nursing Organizations 3 The Healthcare Delivery System Healthcare Trends in the 21st Century Healthcare Settings and Services Quality Assurance Organization and Ownership of Healthcare Facilities Financing Healthcare Complementary Healthcare Consumer Fraud 4 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing Legal Issues of Nursing Practice Regulations of Nursing Practice Advance Directives Vulnerable Persons Definitions of Death Ethical Standards of Healthcare Clients’ Rights and Responsibilities Unit 2 Personal and Environmental Health 5 Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs Nursing’s Relationship to Basic Needs Overview of Individual Needs Family and Community Needs 6 Health and Wellness Health and Wellness Inconsistencies in Healthcare Morbidity and Mortality Finances and Healthcare Prevention and Healthcare The Wellness–Illness Continuum Lifestyle and Risk Factors Education and Health Promotion Age-Related Health Concerns Categories of Disease and Disorders 7 Community Health Healthcare Worldwide Healthcare on the National Level Healthcare at the State Level Healthcare at the Local Level The Environment 8 Transcultural Healthcare Culture, Ethnicity, and Race Cultural Sensitivity Culturally Influenced Components Religious/Spiritual Customs and Traditions Implementing Culturally Competent Care Unit 3 Development Throughout the Life Cycle 9 The Family Characteristics of the Family Family Structure Influence of Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion Family Stages Stress and Family Coping 10 Infancy and Childhood Concepts of Growth and Development Developmental Milestones and Developmental Delays Growth and Development The Newborn Infancy:1–12 Months Toddlerhood:1–3 Years Preschool:3–6 Years School Age:6–10 Years 11 Adolescence Growth and Development Theories Adolescent Growth and Development In Practice 12 Early and Middle Adulthood Erikson’s Adult Growth and Development Theory Early Adulthood Middle Adulthood Transition From Middle Adult to Older Adult 13 Older Adulthood and Aging Words Related to Aging Erikson’s Adult Growth and Development Theory Development in Older Adulthood 14 The End of Life: Death, Dying, Grief, and Loss The Dying Process Kübler-Ross Stages of Grief and Loss Unit 4 Structure and Function 15 Organization of the Human Body Chemistry and Life Medical Terminology Anatomy and Physiology Body Directions, Areas, and Regions Structural Levels in the Body Cells Tissues Organs and Systems 16 The Integumentary System Structure and Function Skin Accessory Structures System Physiology Protection Thermoregulation Vitamin D Production Maintenance of Healthy Skin 17 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Homeostasis Body Fluids Fluid and Electrolyte Transport Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Acid–Base Balance 18 The Musculoskeletal System The Skeleton Vertebral Column Thoracic (Rib) Cage The Muscles Formation Of Bone Tissue Muscle Contractions Exercise Mobility 19 The Nervous System Structure and Function Cells of the Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous System Transmission of Nerve Impulses Reflexes 20 The Endocrine System Structure and Function System Physiology 21 The Sensory System The Eye The Ear Vision Hearing Balance and Equilibrium Taste Smell Touch/Tactile Sense Other Sensations 22 The Cardiovascular System Structure and Function Heart Systemic Blood Vessels Cardiac Conduction Cardiac Cycle Cardiac Output Blood Pressure 23 The Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems Blood Lymph Blood Circulation Lymphatic Circulation 24 The Immune System Bone Marrow and Lymphocyte Production Lymphoid Organs The Mononuclear Phagocyte System Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms Specific Defense Mechanisms Antigen–Antibody Reaction 25 The Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Ventilation External (Pulmonary) and Internal (Tissue) Respiration Regulation of Acid–Base Balance Respiratory Reflexes Vocalization 26 The Digestive System Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Duodenum Jejunum and Ileum Large Intestine Cecum and Appendix Colon Rectum and Anus Accessory Organs Metabolism Elimination 27 The Urinary System Kidneys Organs of Urine Storage and Elimination Blood Pressure Regulation Urine Formation Characteristics and Composition of Urine Micturition 28 The Male Reproductive System Testes The Ductal System Scrotum Penis Accessory Glands Hormonal Influences Sperm Cells and Spermatogenesis Copulation 29 The Female Reproductive System Reproductive Organs Breasts Egg Cells and Oogenesis Menstrual Cycle Female Sexual Response Unit 5 Nutrition and Diet Therapy 30 Basic Nutrition Nutrients Creating the Healthy Diet Nutrition Across the Lifespan 31 Transcultural and Social Aspects of Nutrition Regional Preferences Ethnic Heritage Cultural Groups Religious Beliefs and Practices Vegetarian Diets Sociocultural Factors 32 Diet Therapy and Special Diets Helping the Client Meet Nutritional Needs Serving Food The Client Who Needs Assistance With Eating House Diets Modified Diets Nutritional Support Food and Medication Interactions Part B Nursing Care Skills Unit 6 The Nursing Process 33 Introduction to the Nursing Process Problem-Solving Critical Thinking The Nursing Process 34 Nursing Assessment Data Analysis 35 Nursing Diagnosis and Planning Nursing Diagnosis Planning Care 36 Implementing and Evaluating Care Implementing Nursing Care Evaluating Nursing Care 37 Documenting and Reporting Documentation Reporting Unit 7 Safety In the Healthcare Facility 38 The Healthcare Facility Environment The Client Unit Provision of Nursing Care Healthcare Personnel and Services 39 Emergency Preparedness Safety and Preparedness The Disaster Plan The Fire Plan 40 Introduction to Microbiology Microorganisms Metabolism and Growth Infectious Disease Response to Infection 41 Medical Asepsis Standard Precautions Medical Asepsis Client and Family Teaching 42 Infection Control Infection Control Isolation Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms and Special Infections 43 Emergency Care and First Aid Principles of Emergency Care Assessing the Person in an Emergency Sudden Death and Life Support First-Aid Measures Unit 8 Client Care 44 Therapeutic Communication Skills Communication Therapeutic Communication Techniques Facilitating Communication in Healthcare 45 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge Admission Transfer to Another Unit Discharge Leaving the Healthcare Facility Against Medical Advice Communications Among Healthcare Team Members 46 Vital Signs The Graphic Record Assessing Body Temperature Determining Pulse Assessing Respiration Assessing Blood Pressure Pulse Oximetry 47 Data Collection in Client Care Medical and Nursing Diagnosis Factors That Influence Data Collection The Physical Examination 48 Moving and Positioning Clients Body Mechanics Positioning the Client Joint Mobility and Range of Motion Using Mobility Devices Moving an Immobile Client Using Client Safety Devices 49 Beds and Bed Making Bed Making Attachments and Accessories Special Beds and Mattresses 50 Personal Hygiene Mouth Care Routine Eye Care Ear Care Care of Hands and Feet Shaving Hair Care Skin Care Skin Infestations 51 Elimination Urinary Elimination Bowel Elimination Assisting With Toileting Assisting With Urinary Elimination Assisting With Bowel Elimination Nausea and Vomiting 52 Specimen Collection The Stool Specimen The Sputum Specimen Collecting Other Specimens 53 Bandages and Binders Bandages Binders 54 Heat and Cold Applications Normothermia Heat Therapy Cold Therapy 55 Pain Management Pain Collection of Client Data About Pain Pain Management 56 Preoperative and Postoperative Care Perioperative Care Preoperative Nursing Care Intraoperative Nursing Care Postoperative Nursing Care 57 Surgical Asepsis Asepsis Disinfection and Sterilization Medical and Surgical Asepsis Sterile Technique (Surgical Asepsis) Procedures Requiring Sterile Technique 58 Special Skin and Wound Care Wounds Special Considerations Wound Healing 59 End-of-Life Care Stages of Dying The Client’s Wishes Basic Needs, as Related to the Death Experience Nursing Care of the Dying Client’s Family Signs of Approaching Death Care Following the Death of a Client Feelings of the Nurse Unit 9 Pharmacology and Administration of Medications 60 Review of Mathematics Systems of Measurement The Metric System Dosage Calculation 61 Introduction to Pharmacology Legal Aspects Medication Preparations and Actions Prescribed Medications 62 Classification of Medications Interactions Between Food and Medications Interactions Between Drugs (Drug–Drug Interactions) Introduction to Drug Classifications Antibiotics and Other Anti-Infective Agents Medications That Affect the Integumentary System Medications That Affect the Nervous System Medications That Affect the Endocrine System Medications That Affect the Sensory System Medications That Affect the Cardiovascular System Medications That Affect the Blood Antineoplastic Medications Medications That Affect the Immune System Medications That Affect the Respiratory System Medications That Affect the Gastrointestinal System Medications That Affect the Urinary Tract Medications That Affect the Reproductive Systems 63 Administration of Noninjectable Medications Preparation for Administration Safety General Principles of Medication Administration Enteral Administration Methods Parenteral Administration Methods 64 Administration of Injectable Medications Syringes and Needles Preparations Intradermal Injections Subcutaneous (SubQ) Injections Intravenous Administration Administration of Intravenous Medications Venipuncture Part C Nursing Throughout the Life Cycle Unit 10 Maternal and Newborn Nursing 65 Normal Pregnancy Defining Pregnancy as a Normal Process Healthcare During Pregnancy Preparing to Be a Parent 66 Normal Labor, Delivery, and Postpartum Care Labor and Birth as Normal Processes Nursing Care During Labor 67 Care of the Normal Newborn Important Concepts in Newborn Care Care of the Newborn Immediately After Birth Characteristics of the Normal Newborn Care of the Newborn After Delivery Daily Newborn Care Nutrition 68 High-Risk Pregnancy and Childbirth Tests to Assess Fetal Status Interrupted Pregnancy Maternal Complications During Pregnancy Existing Disorders Complicating Pregnancy Disorders Affecting the Fetus Placental and Amniotic Disorders Other High-Risk Pregnancies Complications of Labor and Delivery Umbilical Cord Complications Considerations Related to Delivery Complications of the Postpartum Period When a Newborn Dies 69 The High-Risk Newborn Categories of High-Risk Newborns Nursing Considerations for the High-Risk Newborn Potential Complications in the High-Risk Newborn Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Intrauterine Disorders: Congenital and Acquired Infections Congenital Musculoskeletal Disorders Neural Tube Defects Congenital Cardiovascular Disorders Congenital Gastrointestinal Disorders Congenital Genitourinary Disorders Substance Misuse and the Newborn 70 Sexuality, Fertility, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Human Sexuality Infertility Contraception Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit 11 Pediatric Nursing 71 Fundamentals of Pediatric Nursing Health Maintenance The Hospital Experience Basic Pediatric Care and Procedures Intermediate Pediatric Care and Procedures Advanced Pediatric Care and Procedures The Child Having Surgery 72 Care of the Infant, Toddler, or Preschooler Communicable Diseases Parasitic Infestations Trauma Child Abuse Skin Disorders Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Disorders Neurologic Disorders Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Disorders of the Eyes Disorders of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Mouth Cardiovascular Disorders Blood and Lymph Disorders Respiratory Tract Disorders Gastrointestinal Disorders Urinary System Disorders Reproductive System Disorders Nutritional Considerations in Young Children 73 Care of the School-Age Child or Adolescent Musculoskeletal Disorders Endocrine Disorders Vision Disorders Sleep Deprivation and Disorders Eating Disorders Nutritional Considerations 74 The Child or Adolescent With Special Needs Disabilities and Disorders Special Learning Disabilities Etiology of Disabilities and Disorders Common Disorders Unit 12 Adult Care Nursing 75 Skin Disorders Diagnostic Tests Common Medical Treatments Common Surgical Treatments Acute and Chronic Skin Conditions Infections Sebaceous Gland Disorders Burns Neoplasms 76 Disorders in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Maintenance of Fluid Balance Maintenance of Electrolyte Balance Maintenance of Acid–Base Balance 77 Musculoskeletal Disorders Common Musculoskeletal Disorders Systemic Disorders With Musculoskeletal Manifestations Traumatic Injuries Trauma Care and Management Complications of Fractures or Bone Surgery 78 Nervous System Disorders Craniocerebral Disorders Nerve Disorders Spinal Cord Disorders Degenerative Disorders Inflammatory Disorders Head Trauma 79 Endocrine Disorders Common Medical and Surgical Treatments Pituitary Gland Disorders Thyroid Gland Disorders Parathyroid Gland Disorders Adrenal Gland Disorders Pancreatic Endocrine Disorders 80 Sensory System Disorders The Eye and Vision Disorders Trauma to the Eye The Ear and Hearing Disorders Disorders of Other Special Senses 81 Cardiovascular Disorders Abnormal Conditions That May Cause Cardiovascular Disease Heart Disorders Blood Vessel Disorders 82 Blood and Lymph Disorders Common Treatments Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Hematologic System Disorders 83 Cancer Cancer Development Treatment Modalities for Cancer Nursing Considerations for Clients With Cancer 84 Allergic, Immune, and Autoimmune Disorders Allergies Immune Disorders Autoimmune Disorders 85 HIV and AIDS History of HIV/AIDS Transmission Signs and Symptoms of HIV Infection Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Exposure Guidelines 86 Respiratory Disorders Infectious Respiratory Disorders Chronic Respiratory Disorders Disorders of the Nose Disorders of the Throat 87 Oxygen Therapy and Respiratory Care Oxygen Provision The Client Who Is Having Difficulty Breathing The Client Who Is Unable to Breathe 88 Digestive Disorders Disorders of the Mouth Disorders of the Esophagus Disorders of the Stomach Disorders of the Small or Large Bowel Peritonitis Disorders of the Sigmoid Colon and Rectum Disorders of the Liver Disorders of the Gallbladder Disorders of the Pancreas Conditions of Overnutrition and Undernutrition 89 Urinary Disorders Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infections Obstructive Disorders Urinary Tract Tumors Urinary Tract Trauma Renal Failure 90 Male Reproductive Disorders Erectile Disorders Structural Disorders 91 Female Reproductive Disorders Disorders Related to the Menstrual Cycle Cervicitis Unit 13 Gerontologic Nursing 92 Gerontology: The Aging Adult Geriatric Care Settings Helping the Older Adult Meet Basic Needs Helping the Older Adult Meet Emotional Needs Special Concerns of the Adult Related to Increasing Age Elder Abuse 93 Cognitive Impairment in the Aging Adult Cognitive Impairment Aspects of Dementia Unit 14 Mental Health Nursing 94 Psychiatric Nursing Mental Health Mental Illness The Mental Healthcare Team Methods of Psychiatric Therapy The Client in an Inpatient Setting Mental Health Nursing Skills 95 Substance Use Disorders Nursing Care Measures Detoxification and Recovery Alcohol Use Disorder Other Substance Use Disorders Special Populations Unit 15 Nursing in a Variety of Settings 96 Extended Care Extended-Care Options The Concept of Transitional Care 97 Rehabilitation Nursing Definitions of Rehabilitation Rehabilitation and Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Stages of Adjustment to a Disability The Rehabilitation Team Nursing Considerations in Rehabilitation Activities of Daily Living The Scope of Rehabilitative Services Community Resources Barriers to Rehabilitation 98 Home Care Nursing Reasons for Home Care Types of Agencies and Services Telehealth Self-Management of Chronic Conditions Payment for Home Care Members of the Home Care Team Nursing Duties in Home Care Safety for the Home Care Team Suggestions for Primary Caregivers 99 Ambulatory Nursing The Role of the Nurse Types of Ambulatory Facilities Use of the Electronic Health Record 100 Hospice Nursing Evolution of the Hospice Movement The Hospice Concept Assisting the Hospice Client to Meet Basic Needs Children in Hospice Programs When the Client Dies Part D Your Career Unit 16 The Transition to Practicing Nurse 101 From Student to Graduate Nurse Nursing Licensure Role Transition Personal Life 102 Career Opportunities and Job-Seeking Skills Employment Opportunities Obtaining Employment Information Job-Seeking Skills 103 Advancement and Leadership in Nursing Advancement in Nursing Leadership Index Appendix A: Key English-to-Spanish Healthcare Phrases Appendix B: Key Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Healthcare Appendix C: Medical Terminology: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes Commonly Used in Medical Terms