Carbon Nanomaterials : Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications

"This book highlights the importance of carbon structures for technological advancements in applications for industrial and societal benefits. It provides an opportunity for researchers from different backgrounds and disciplines to take up further research on synthesis, properties, and applications of carbon nanomaterials. Each chapter introduces a particular carbon nanomaterial. Additionally, the book provides scientific inputs along with emerging perspectives from the author who has devoted almost four decades to the field of carbon science and technology"-- Read more... Abstract: "This book highlights the importance of carbon structures for technological advancements in applications for industrial and societal benefits. It provides an opportunity for researchers from different backgrounds and disciplines to take up further research on synthesis, properties, and applications of carbon nanomaterials. Each chapter introduces a particular carbon nanomaterial. Additionally, the book provides scientific inputs along with emerging perspectives from the author who has devoted almost four decades to the field of carbon science and technology" Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Authors -- 1: Introduction to Carbon and Carbon Nanomaterials -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Atomic Structure of Carbon -- 1.1.2 Carbon Hybridization -- 1.1.3 Diamond Structure -- 1.1.4 Graphite Structure -- 1.2 Crystal Structure of Graphite -- 1.2.1 Two-Dimensional Lattice Structure: Unit Cell -- 1.2.2 Reciprocal Lattice and Brillouin Zone -- 1.3 Electronic Band Structure of Graphite -- 1.3.1 Energy Dispersion Relation -- 1.3.2 Density of States -- 1.4 Physical Properties of Graphite -- 1.4.1 Electrical Properties of Graphite -- 1.4.2 Mechanical Properties of Graphite -- 1.4.3 Thermal Properties of Graphite -- 1.4.4 Chemical Properties of Graphite -- 1.5 Nongraphitic Carbons -- 1.5.1 Carbon Black -- 1.5.2 Coal -- 1.5.3 Chars -- 1.5.4 Graphitizing Carbons -- 1.5.5 Polycrystalline Graphite -- 1.6 Synthetic Carbon and Graphite -- 1.6.1 Synthetic Graphite: Processing, Properties, and Applications -- 1.6.2 Filler -- 1.6.3 Binder -- 1.6.4 Mesophase Pitch -- 1.6.5 Mixing and Blending -- 1.6.6 Carbonization -- 1.6.7 Graphitization -- 1.6.8 Structural Analysis of Carbons by X-Ray Diffraction -- 1.7 Pyrolytic Carbon and Graphite -- 1.7.1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics -- 1.7.2 Isotropic and Laminar Deposits -- 1.7.3 Graphitization of Columnar and Laminar Deposits -- 1.8 Nano Forms of Carbon -- 1.8.1 Quantum Confinement in Carbon Nanomaterials -- 1.8.2 Raman Spectroscopy of Nanocarbons -- References -- Further Reading -- 2: Fullerenes -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Discovery of Fullerenes -- 2.3 Explosion in Fullerenes Research -- 2.4 Methods of Synthesis of Fullerenes -- 2.4.1 Laser Vaporization Method -- 2.4.2 Resistive Heating of Graphite Electrodes The study of nanostructures has become, in recent years, a theme common to many disciplines, in which scientists and engineers manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular level in order to obtain materials and systems with significantly improved properties. Carbon nanomaterials have a unique place in nanoscience owing to their exceptional thermal, electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties, finding application in areas as diverse as super strong composite materials, energy storage and conversion, supercapacitors, smart sensors, targeted drug delivery, paints, and nanoelectronics. This book is the first to cover a broad spectrum of carbon nanomaterials, namely carbon nanofibers, vapor-grown carbon fibers, different forms of amorphous nanocarbons besides carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, graphene nanoribbons, graphene quantum dots, etc. in a single volume. The book is an outcome of the author's active professional involvement in research, manufacture and consultancy in the field of cement chemistry and process engineering. This multidisciplinary title on cement production technology covers the entire process spectrum of cement production, starting from extraction and winning of natural raw materials to the finished products including the environmental impacts and research trends. The book has an overtone of practice supported by the back-up principles. Content: Introduction to carbon and carbon nanomaterials -- Fullerenes -- Single-walled carbon nanotubes -- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes -- Carbon nano fibers and filaments -- Graphene and graphene oxide -- Graphene nanoribbons -- Graphene quantum dots -- Amorphous nanocarbons -- Toxicity of carbon nanomaterials -- Summary and future trends. 1. Introduction to carbon and carbon nanomaterials -- 2. Fullerenes -- 3. Single-walled carbon nanotubes -- 4. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes -- 5. Carbon nanofibers and filaments -- 6. Graphene and graphene oxide -- 7. Graphene nanoribbons -- 8. Graphene quantum dots -- 9. Amorphous nanocarbons