Design Thinking for Software Engineering: Creating Human-oriented Software-intensive Products and Services (Progress in IS)

This book explores the possibility of integrating design thinking into today’s technical contexts. Despite the popularity of design thinking in research and practice, this area is still too often treated in isolation without a clear, consistent connection to the world of software development. The book presents design thinking approaches and experiences that can facilitate the development of software-intensive products and services. It argues that design thinking and related software engineering practices, including requirements engineering and user-centric design (UX) approaches, are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they provide complementary methods and tools for designing software-intensive systems with a human-centric approach. Bringing together prominent experts and practitioners to share their insights, approaches and experiences, the book sheds new light on the specific interpretations and meanings of design thinking in various fields such as engineering, management, and information technology. As such, it provides a framework for professionals to demonstrate the potential of design thinking for software development, while offering academic researchers a roadmap for further research. Design Thinking for Software Engineering Introduction and Overview Cluster Method Cluster Governance Cluster Use Cases References Contents About the Authors Interview with Manfred Broy and Walter Brenner About Design Thinking and Requirements Engineering State of the Art Opportunities Deficits State of the Practice Skills and Competencies Challenges Goals for the Book Combining Design Thinking and Software Requirements Engineering to Create Human-Centered Software-Intensive Systems Introduction Requirements Engineering and its Limitations Design Thinking and Requirements Engineering: Two Distinct, Yet Complementary Approaches Contribution and Outline Previously Published Material Conceptual Background Design Thinking as a Human-Centered Problem-Solving Approach Design Thinking on an Operational Level Design Thinking Process Design Thinking Toolbox Design Thinking Mindset Artifact-Based Requirements Engineering and the AMDiRE Approach Overview of AMDiRE Components AMDiRE Artifact Model An Artifact Model for Design Thinking An Integrated Artifact Model Combining Design Thinking and Requirements Engineering Development of an Integrated Artifact Model Integrated Artifact Model Organizational Model Findings and Practical Implications Operationalization Strategies Overview Three Strategies to Operationalize and Integrate Design Thinking Upfront Design Thinking Infused Design Thinking Continuous Design Thinking Discussion Synthesis of Findings Leveraging the Best of Both Worlds A Comprehensive Blueprint for Innovative Software-Intensive Systems There is No ``One Size Fits All ́ ́-Integration Strategy Conclusion Appendix Artifact Description Context Specification Requirements Specification System Specification References From Design Thinking in Software Engineering to Digital Design as a New Profession: An Essay on Methods and Professions for Sh... Experiences with Design Thinking in Software Projects Design Thinking is Rooted in Industrial Design Experiences on the Limits of Design Thinking for Software Projects: Two Examples Design Thinking as a Tool Within a Large Software Project Unfinished Design Thinking as a Starting Point Intermediate Conclusion for Design Thinking Research and Practice for Software-Intensive Systems Who is the Industrial Designer in Software Engineering? Why is There No Profession Like Industrial Design for Software? We Need a Dedicated Design Profession that is Able to Design with Software! Digital Design as a New Profession for Shaping Digital Solutions Competence Profile of Digital Designers at a Glance Conclusion: Process Competence as a Core Success Factor for Design of Products with Software Aspects Outlook: Studying Concrete Examples is More Promising than Studying Methods References The Hybrid Model: Combination of Big Data Analytics and Design Thinking The Combination of Big Data Analytics and Design Thinking Categories of Combined Models The Hybrid Mindset The Hybrid Teams The Hybrid Process The Hybrid Toolkit The Power of AI-Enhanced Data Processing Value Add of the Hybrid Model Practical Example On the Point References The Collective Process Framework DTScrum for Integrating Design Thinking into Scrum Introduction Background Scrum Design Thinking Obstacles and Challenges of the Integration Resource Allocation Competing Views and Different Kinds of Problems Coordination and Communication The Collective Process Framework DTScrum Multidisciplinary Knowledge Café Diverge into Design Thinking and Scrum Irrational Beliefs and Lateral Thinking Causal Reasoning and Organized Thinking Converge Conclusion References RE-DT-UX: Moving from a Discipline-Based Approach to a Role-Based One Introduction Joining Forces to Create Offerings with Great UX Our ``Old ́ ́ Discipline-Based Approach Usability Engineer Design Thinker Requirements Engineer Why We Need a Unified Approach No or Very Limited Market(segment) (Over)view, No Business Model, No Bundling, Vision and Scope (VandS) Not Existent or Not Ag... Non-existing Lead or Insufficient Customer Availability Missing Domain Experience and Domain Expertise Missing Customer Insights: User Experience Not Investigated Due to Misprioritization, Too Little Knowledge on Importance of UX Missing Strong Lead/Visionary A Role-Based Approach How They Work Together Conclusion Outlook References Understanding the Introduction of Design Thinking as a Change Process Introduction Case Study What Does Change Management Mean? 3-Phase-Model According to Kurt Lewin 7-Phase-Model According to Streich Resistance Communicate Change Conclusion References From Project Plans and Backlogs to Strategic Roadmaps: The Evolution Toward Value-Oriented Thinking in Requirements Engineering Design Thinking Is Desirability-Heavy While Requirements Engineering Is Feasibility-Heavy Project Plans Resist Adaptation to New Insights and Trigger the Wrong Conversations Backlogs Foster Reactive Bottom-Up Thinking Instead of Top-Down Value Orientation Strategic Roadmaps Foster Value-Oriented Thinking Throughout the Development Process Communication and Alignment Between Stakeholders Holistic Overview for Strategic Prioritization Prioritization Through Meaningful Levels of Granularity Changes and Implications Conclusion References Managing Tensions in Research Consortia with Design Thinking Artifacts Introduction Related Work Case Description Defining a Use Case with the Double Diamond Process Model Development Analysis Implications and Conclusion References Platform Design with Design Thinking and Scrum: An Experience Report from Deutsche Bundesbank Introduction Project Context and Description Phase 1 ``Exploration ́ ́ Phase 2 ``IT-Prototyping ́ ́ Phase 3 ``Final Prototype ́ ́ Outlook for Phase 4 ``Go-Live ́ ́ Key Learnings Reference Design Thinking in a Large Manufacturing Organization: Designing a Smart Support System for the Shop Floor Introduction: Design Thinking in Manufacturing Description: Our Approach to Design Thinking in Three Phases Phase 1 ``Need Finding ́ ́ Phase 2 ``Prototyping and Testing ́ ́ Phase 3 ``Implementing ́ ́ Reflection: Critical Success Factors and Global Analysis Conclusion: Key Takeaways and Lessons Learned References Digital Platform Design at the Edge of Complexity: The Value of Design Thinking to Balance Between Configuration and Customiza... Introduction Theoretical Foundation Platform Types: On Seeing the Forest for the Trees Platform Economics: On Economies of Scale and Scope Platform Modularity: On Complexity and Variety Platform Design (Thinking): On Configuration and Customization Approach The Value of Design Thinking for Digital Platform Design Mindset: Increasing Variety of Addressed Problems per Solution Process: Considering the Lifecycle and Setting Boundaries Toolset: Combining Design Methods with Modular Operators Concluding Remarks References Design Thinking in Healthcare-Enabler for Digitalization in Complex Environments: Why Healthcare Is Adequate to Proof the Pote... Two Different Worlds The Complexity in Healthcare Design Thinking in Action Example 1: Prototyping the New ED and Outpatient Processes at a Pediatric University Hospital Example 2: Designing a Central Operations Center Software Example 3: Design Thinking as Game Changer in Healthcare Digitalization Benefits Challenges Summary References It Takes Two to Tango: Design Thinking and Design Patterns for Better System Development Introduction Background and Related Work Design Thinking Design Patterns Developing Smart Personal Learning Assistants Using Design-Thinking and Design Patterns Finding the Design Solution Using Design Thinking Developing the Design Solution Using Design Patterns Overall Evaluation of the Development Process and Legal Assessment Evaluation of the Development Process Legal Assessment of the Developed SPLA Conclusion References Epilog: From Requirements Engineering to Design Thinking Epilog 978-3-030-90594-1_BookFrontMatter 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_1 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_2 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_3 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_4 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_5 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_6 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_7 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_8 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_9 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_10 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_11 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_12 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_13 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_14 978-3-030-90594-1_Chapter_15