Embedded Software : The Works

Embedded software needs have grown exponentially over the past quarter century. In 1975 writing 10,000 lines of assembly code was a considered a huge undertaking. Today, a cell phone can contain five million lines of C or C++! Embedded software developers must have a strong grasp of many complex topics in order to make faster, more efficient and more powerful microprocessors to meet the public’s growing demand. This practical guide, written by industry pioneer Colin Walls, helps embedded design engineers to rise to that challenge. The author offers expertise and insights from his quarter century of design experience, covering a plethora of major concerns in an easy-to-reference essay format that provides the reader with detailed tips and techniques, and rigorous explanations of technologies. Contributions from other well-known designers in the embedded systems field offer additional seasoned perspectives on everything from exotic memories to USB software. This one book has an amazing breadth of coverage, undertaking all the key subjects embedded engineers need to understand in order to succeed, including Design and Development, Programming, Languages including C/C++, and UML, Real Time Operating Systems Considerations, Networking, Programmable Logic and much more. For those in the field who are looking to broaden their professional skill-sets in order to advance, as well as those "newbies" just entering the field of embedded systems design, this comprehensive new reference is a must-have! The accompanying CD-ROM contains source code for the many real-world examples in the text, to save readers from needless re-typing. Also included are PowerPoint slides to create training seminars or classes from the text, and various product-related spec sheets. * Provides an amazing breadth of coverage by undertaking all the key subjects embedded engineers need to understand * Author is a true pioneer in the field, with almost 30 years' experience * Accompanying CD-ROM includes training materials and source code for the many real-world examples in the text front cover......Page 1 copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 table of contents......Page 8 Foreword: What Do You Expect - Perfection?......Page 12 How This Book Came About......Page 16 What You Will Find Here......Page 17 Who This Book Is For......Page 18 Acknowledgments......Page 19 A Good Cause......Page 20 Contact Me......Page 21 Code Fragments......Page 22 1 Embedded Software......Page 26 1.1 What Makes an Embedded Application Tick?......Page 27 1.2 Memory in Embedded Systems......Page 34 1.3 Memory Architectures......Page 38 1.4 How Software Influences Hardware Design......Page 44 1.5 Migrating Your Software to a New Processor Architecture......Page 48 1.6 Testing Computers on Wheels......Page 56 1.7 Embedded Software for Transportation Applications......Page 58 1.8 How to Choose a CPU for Your System on Chip Design......Page 62 1.9 An Introduction to USB Software......Page 65 1.10 USB On-the-Go......Page 70 2 Design and Development......Page 74 2.1 Emerging Technology for Embedded Systems Software Development......Page 75 2.2 Making Development Tool Choices......Page 81 2.3 Eclipse - Bringing Embedded Tools Together......Page 92 2.4 A Development System That Crosses RTOS Boundaries......Page 96 2.5 Embedded Software and UML......Page 100 2.6 Model-Based Systems Development with xtUML......Page 112 3 Programming......Page 116 3.1 Programming for Exotic Memories......Page 117 3.2 Self-Testing in Embedded Systems......Page 122 3.3 A Command-Line Interpreter......Page 127 3.4 Traffic Lights: An Embedded Software Application......Page 137 3.5 PowerPC Assembler......Page 142 4 C Language......Page 147 4.1 C Common......Page 148 4.2 Using C Function Prototypes......Page 151 4.3 Interrupt Functions and ANSI Keywords......Page 154 4.4 Optimization for RISC Architectures......Page 159 4.5 Bit by Bit......Page 167 4.6 Programming Floating-Point Applications......Page 171 4.7 Looking at C - A Different Perspective......Page 174 4.8 Reducing Function Call Overhead......Page 177 4.9 Structure Layout - Become an Expert......Page 181 4.10 Memory and Programming in C......Page 198 4.11 Pointers and Arrays in C and C++......Page 200 5 C++......Page 203 5.1 C++ in Embedded Systems - A Management Perspective......Page 204 5.2 Why Convert from C to C++?......Page 207 5.3 Clearing the Path to C++......Page 214 5.4 C++ Templates - Benefits and Pitfalls......Page 225 5.5 Exception Handling in C++......Page 231 5.6 Looking at Code Size and Performance with C++......Page 239 5.7 Write-Only Ports in C++......Page 246 5.8 Using Nonvolatile RAM with C++......Page 257 6 Real Time......Page 262 6.1 Real-Time Systems......Page 263 6.2 Visualizing Program Models of Embedded Systems......Page 267 6.3 Event Handling in Embedded Systems......Page 272 6.4 Programming for Interrupts......Page 275 7 Real-Time Operating Systems......Page 278 7.1 Debugging Techniques with an RTOS......Page 279 7.2 A Debugging Solution for a Custom Real-Time Operating System......Page 290 7.3 Debugging - Stack Overflows......Page 295 7.4 Bring in the Pros - When to Consider a Commercial RTOS......Page 296 7.5 On the Move......Page 302 7.6 Introduction to RTOS Driver Development......Page 309 7.7 Scheduling Algorithms and Priority Inversion......Page 312 7.8 Time versus Priority Scheduling......Page 316 7.9 An Embedded File System......Page 319 7.10 OSEK - An RTOS Standard......Page 322 8 Networking......Page 326 8.1 What's Wi-Fi?......Page 327 8.2 Who Needs a Web Server?......Page 332 8.3 Introduction to SNMP......Page 339 8.4 IPv6 - The Next Generation Internet Protocol......Page 344 8.5 The Basics of DHCP......Page 351 8.6 NAT Explained......Page 358 8.7 PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol......Page 362 8.8 Introduction to SSL......Page 369 8.9 DHCP Debugging Tips......Page 373 8.10 IP Multicasting......Page 376 9 Embedded Systems and Programmable Logic......Page 380 9.1 FPGAs and Processor Cores: The Future of Embedded Systems?......Page 381 9.2 FPGA-Based Design Delivers Customized Embedded Solutions......Page 385 9.3 Xilinx MicroBlaze Soft-Core Processor......Page 393 9.4 Real-Time Operating Systems for FPGA......Page 399 Afterword: Great Expectations......Page 402 index......Page 404 Embedded software needs have grown exponentially over the past quarter century. In 1975 writing 10,000 lines of assembly code was a considered a huge undertaking. Today, a cell phone can contain five million lines of C or C++! Embedded software developers must have a strong grasp of many complex topics in order to make faster, more efficient and more powerful microprocessors to meet the publics growing demand. This practical guide, written by industry pioneer Colin Walls, helps embedded design engineers to rise to that challenge. The author offers expertise and insights from his quarter century of design experience, covering a plethora of major concerns in an easy-to-reference essay format that provides the reader with detailed tips and techniques, and rigorous explanations of technologies. Contributions from other well-known designers in the embedded systems field offer additional seasoned perspectives on everything from exotic memories to USB software. This one book has an amazing breadth of coverage, undertaking all the key subjects embedded engineers need to understand in order to succeed, including Design and Development, Programming, Languages including C/C++, and UML, Real Time Operating Systems Considerations, Networking, Programmable Logic and much more. For those in the field who are looking to broaden their professional skill-sets in order to advance, as well as those "newbies" just entering the field of embedded systems design, this comprehensive new reference is a must-have! The accompanying CD-ROM contains source code for the many real-world examples in the text, to save readers from needless re-typing. Also included are PowerPoint slides to create training seminars or classes from the text, and various product-related spec sheets. * Provides an amazing breadth of coverage by undertaking all the key subjects embedded engineers need to understand * Author is a true pioneer in the field, with almost 30 years' experience * Accompanying CD-ROM includes training materials and source code for the many real-world examples in the text. "The author offers insight from his quarter century of design experience, covering a plethora of major concerns in an easy-to-reference essay format that provides the reader with detailed tips, techniques, and rigorous explanations of technologies. Contributions from other well-known designers in the field offer additional perspectives on everything from exotic memories to USB software. This one book has an amazing breadth of coverage, undertaking all the key subjects embedded engineers need to understand, including Design and Development, Programming, Languages including C/C++ and UML, Real Time Operating Systems and more. For engineers who are looking to broaden their professional skill-sets in order to advance, as well as those "newbies" just entering the field, this comprehensive new reference is a must-have."--Jacket Embedded systems are everywhere. In the average household, there are around 40 different microprocessors, not counting PCs (which contribute another 5-10 each), or cars, which typically contain a few dozen. And these numbers are set to rise by a couple of orders of magnitude over the next decade.This comprehensive new reference is a must-have for the tens of thousands of embedded designers working to make all those microprocessors faster, more efficient, and more powerful. A good embedded software developer must have a strong grasp of many complex topics, and this practical guide cover