Epithelial Morphogenesis in Development and Disease (Cell Adhesion and Communication)

BOOK COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 2 TITLE......Page 4 COPYRIGHT......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 6 PREFACE TO THE SERIES......Page 8 PREFACE......Page 10 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 12 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIA......Page 19 TIGHT JUNCTION-ASSOCIATED PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS......Page 20 OCCLUDIN: A TIGHT JUNCTION-ASSOCIATED INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN......Page 23 MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS......Page 26 REGULATION OF TIGHT JUNCTION FUNCTIONS......Page 28 REFERENCES......Page 29 2. HEMIDESMOSOMES......Page 34 THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF HEMIDESMOSOMES......Page 35 α6 β4 integrin......Page 38 BP180......Page 40 LN5......Page 41 BP230......Page 42 Plectin......Page 43 OTHER HEMIDESMOSOMAL COMPONENTS......Page 44 REFERENCES......Page 45 NOTES ADDED IN PROOF......Page 51 REFERENCES......Page 52 MODEL SYSTEMS......Page 54 Secretory Proteins......Page 55 Basolateral Membrane Proteins......Page 57 GPI-anchored proteins......Page 59 SPHINGOLIPID-CHOLESTEROL RAFTS AND APICAL TRANSPORT......Page 60 TRANSCYTOSIS......Page 62 LIPID SORTING......Page 63 Variant and Mutant MDCK Strains......Page 64 Caco-2 Cells......Page 65 RPE......Page 66 DEVELOPMENT OF POLARITY......Page 67 SORTING IN ENDOSOMES......Page 68 MACHINERY FOR DOCKING AND FUSION......Page 69 APICAL AND BASOLATERAL COGNATE ROUTES......Page 70 TWO CIRCUITS?......Page 71 REFERENCES......Page 73 INTRODUCTION......Page 81 PARADIGMS OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL MODULATION......Page 82 EPITHELIAL GENE REGULATION......Page 83 K18 and K8......Page 84 K1......Page 85 Loricrin......Page 86 E-cadherin......Page 87 Human papillomaviruses......Page 88 ARE THERE EPITHELIAL SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS?......Page 89 SPECIFICITY THROUGH UBIQUITOUS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS......Page 90 CONCLUSIONS......Page 92 REFERENCES......Page 93 The Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells is Adapted to Specific Functions......Page 99 The Microvillar Actin Cytoskeleton of Epithelial Cells......Page 100 Villin......Page 101 Unconventional myosins......Page 102 Ezrin......Page 103 Assembly of the Intestinal Microvilli......Page 104 Villin......Page 105 Ezrin......Page 106 Role of Cell Adhesion in the Generation of an Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells......Page 107 Regulatory Signals in Microvillus Assembly......Page 108 Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in Membrane Protein Regulation......Page 109 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES......Page 110 REFERENCES......Page 111 INTRODUCTION......Page 117 Collagen IV......Page 119 Laminins and Nidogen (Entactin)......Page 121 Basement Membrane Proteoglycans......Page 125 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE......Page 127 Basement Membrane-binding Integrins......Page 128 Other Receptors for Basement Membrane Proteins......Page 129 REFERENCES......Page 130 EPITHELIA IN DEVELOPMENT......Page 138 INTRODUCTION......Page 139 FORMATION OF THE FIRST EPITHELIUM, THE CELLULAR BLASTODERM......Page 140 ESTABLISHMENT OF CELL SURFACE POLARITY IN THE DROSOPHILA BLASTODERM......Page 141 MAINTENANCE OF EPITHELIAL CELL POLARITY IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO......Page 142 Development of Adherens Junctions in the Drosophila Embryo......Page 143 Crumbs and Stardust mutants exhibit a very similar phenotype......Page 145 Molecular characterisation of the CRUMBS protein......Page 146 SEPTATE JUNCTIONS, DHR-/PDZ-PROTEINS AND EPITHELIAL CELL POLARITY......Page 147 REFERENCES......Page 149 INTRODUCTION......Page 152 Cortical rotation and dorsal determinants......Page 154 Wingless (wnt) growth factor family......Page 155 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family......Page 156 Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family......Page 157 Wingless (wnt) family......Page 158 Dorsalization......Page 159 Signals emitted from the Spemann organizer......Page 160 The Bmp-4 morphogen and dorsal-ventral antagonism......Page 161 Head organizer......Page 165 Lateral Mesoderm......Page 167 Ventral Mesoderm......Page 168 PROMOTOR ANALYSIS OF TARGET GENES......Page 169 GASTRULATION MOVEMENTS......Page 170 MESODERM INDUCTION: SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE......Page 171 Mesoderm Induction and Dorsal Determinant......Page 172 REFERENCES......Page 173 CADHERINS AND Wnt SIGNALLING......Page 185 THE FUNCTION OF β-CATENIN IN THE CLASS I Xwnt SIGNAL PATHWAY......Page 186 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENDOGENOUS CLASS I Xwnt MOLECULES IN MESODERM FORMATION REMAINS ELUSIVE......Page 191 CROSSTALKS BETWEEN SIGNAL PATHWAYS INFLUENCING β-CATENIN......Page 192 THE COMPETENCE OF CELLS TO RESPOND TO INDUCING SIGNALS DEPENDS ON CELL ADHESION......Page 194 REFERENCES......Page 195 SUMMARY......Page 200 THE ROLE OF SF/HGF AND NEUREGULIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST EPITHELIA......Page 201 OTHER MORPHOGENIC RESPONSES INDUCED BY SF/HGF AND C-MET IN EPITHELIAL CELLS......Page 202 THE ROLE OF HGF/SF AND C-MET IN METASTASIS......Page 203 SF/HGF AND THE C-MET RECEPTOR CONTROL GROWTH AND MOTILITY OF CELLS IN VIVO......Page 204 FGF’S AND THEIR RECEPTORS FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT OF EPITHELIA......Page 205 THE C-RET RECEPTOR......Page 206 REFERENCES......Page 207 FIBROBIAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS......Page 212 EXPRESSION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS IN THE DEVELOPING AND ADULT SKIN......Page 213 EXPRESSION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS DURING WOUND REPAIR......Page 214 TRANSGENIC MOUSE STUDIES TO ASSESS FGF FUNCTION IN THE SKIN......Page 218 Expression of a Dominant Negative FGF Receptor in Suprabasal Layers of the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice......Page 219 FGF-5 Knockout (Hebert et al., 1994)......Page 222 Overexpression of KGF in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice (Guo et al., 1993)......Page 223 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR IN EMBRYONIC LIVER OF TRANSGENIC MICE (NGUYEN ET AL., 1996)......Page 225 EXPRESSION OF A DOMINANT-NEGATIVE KGF RECEPTOR IN BASAL KERATINOCYTES OF THE EPIDERMIS OF TRANSGENIC MICE (WERNER ET AL., 1994B)......Page 226 KGF Knockout (Guo et al., 1996)......Page 228 REFERENCES......Page 229 BASEMENT MEMBRANE COMPONENTS......Page 236 Distribution of Laminin α1 Chain in the Body......Page 237 Expression of the α1 mRNA......Page 240 Expression of the Laminin α2–5 Chains in the Embryo......Page 241 LAMININ ISOFORMS AND RECEPTORS IN KIDNEY TUBULES......Page 242 Dystroglycan—A Major Laminin Receptor of Kidney Tubules......Page 243 Integrins of Developing Kidney Tubules......Page 244 LAMININ ISOFORMS IN THE DEVELOPING GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT......Page 246 THE ASSEMBLY OF EPITHELIAL BASEMENT MEMBRANES EXTRACELLULARLY......Page 248 REFERENCES......Page 251 RET is a Member of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Superfamily......Page 257 GDNF is a Ligand for RET......Page 258 GDNFR-α Mediates the Interaction between RET and GDNF......Page 259 Expression of RET, GDNF and GDNFR-α During Development......Page 260 THE ROLE OF RET/GDNF SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 261 Overview of Kidney Development......Page 265 The absence of RET inhibits ureteric bud growth and branching......Page 266 Defects in the metanephric mesenchyme of RET-deficient mice are secondary to those in the ureteric bud......Page 267 RET/GDNF signaling is required for evagination of the ureteric bud and its subsequent growth and branching......Page 268 REFERENCES......Page 269 Epithelial-mesenchymal Interactions......Page 274 TOOTH DEVELOPMENT......Page 275 Molecules Associated with Odontogenic Potential......Page 276 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins......Page 278 Fibroblast Growth Factors......Page 279 Sonic Hedgehog......Page 280 ENAMEL KNOT AS AN EPITHELIAL SIGNALING CENTER......Page 281 The Enamel Knot Resembles Other Embryonic Signaling Centers......Page 282 Enamel Knot May Direct Cuspal Morphogenesis......Page 284 Methodological Aspects......Page 285 Apoptosis in the Invagination of Epithelium......Page 286 Apoptosis in the Disruption of Dental Epithelium......Page 287 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 288 REFERENCES......Page 289 INTRODUCTION......Page 299 DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN43 GENE......Page 301 DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN32 GENE......Page 302 DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN26 GENE......Page 304 DELETION OF THE MOUSE CONNEXIN46 GENE......Page 305 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK......Page 306 REFERENCES......Page 307 EPITHELIA IN DISEASE......Page 310 THE PROGRAM OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION......Page 311 KERATIN FILAMENTS: ASSEMBLY INTO 10 NM FILAMENTS......Page 315 GENETIC DISORDERS OF THE EPIDERMAL KERATINS: EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX......Page 316 EPIDERMOLYTIC HYPERKERATOSIS AND OTHER SUPRABASAL DISORDERS OF KERATIN......Page 323 PACHYONYCHYA CONGENITA: A DISORDER OF THE WOUND-HEALING/OUTER ROOT SHEATH KERATINS......Page 324 BEYOND THE SKIN: DELVING DEEPER BENEATH THE BODY SURFACE......Page 325 REFERENCES......Page 326 HUMAN KERATINOCYTE GRAFTS: BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 335 Donor Cell Adhesion and Proliferation In Vitro......Page 337 Clonal Heterogeneity Among Donor Cells......Page 338 CEA at Transplantation: Morphologic and Biologic Profile......Page 339 Attachment to the Wound Bed and Basement Membrane Zone Formation......Page 344 Donor Site-Specific Differentiation of Transplanted CEA......Page 346 (1) Langerhans Cells......Page 347 (2) Melanocytes......Page 348 (3) Merkel Cells......Page 349 Rete Ridge Formation in CEA and Regeneration of Derails from Wound Bed Granulation Tissue......Page 350 Stability of CEA-Derived Skin on Long-term Follow-up......Page 353 CONCLUSIONS......Page 354 REFERENCES......Page 355 ALTERATIONS OF CELL ADHESION INDUCE MODULATION OF EPITHELIAL TRAITS......Page 363 CELL SCATTERING AND MOTILITY FACTORS INDUCE MODULATION OF EPITHELIAL TRAITS......Page 365 SIGNALING PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN CELL SCATTERING......Page 367 A CARCINOMA MODEL......Page 368 CONCLUSION......Page 369 REFERENCES......Page 370 BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE CADHERIN SYSTEM IN CANCER......Page 374 REDUCED EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN......Page 375 GENETIC ALTERATION OF E-CADHERIN......Page 376 GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND REDUCED EXPRESSION OF α-CATENIN......Page 378 GENETIC ALTERATIONS AND TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION OF β-CATENIN......Page 379 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION BETWEEN GROWTH FACTORS AND THE E-CADHERIN CELL ADHESION SYSTEM......Page 380 ASSOCIATION OF C-ERBB-2 PROTEIN WITH C-TERMINAL ARMADILLO REPEATS OF β-CATENIN......Page 382 INHIBITION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENDOGENOUS β-CATENIN AND C-ERBB-2 PROTEIN BY OVEREXPRESSION OF N-TERMINALLY DELETED β-CATENIN......Page 383 CONCLUSION......Page 385 REFERENCES......Page 386 INDEX......Page 390