Information Systems Essentials, 3rd Edition

Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Dedication Page......Page 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 27 ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 30 Preface......Page 15 BRIEF CONTENTS......Page 7 CONTENTS......Page 8 OPENING CASE STUDY: IS YOUR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER WORTH $98?......Page 34 INTRODUCTION......Page 35 INFORMATION AS A KEY RESOURCE......Page 37 PEOPLE AS A KEY RESOURCE IN MIS......Page 42 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A KEY RESOURCE IN MIS......Page 45 Porter’s Five Forces Model: Assessing the State of the Competition......Page 47 BUYER POWER......Page 48 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES......Page 49 RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS......Page 50 Porter’s Three Generic Strategies: Building Business Strategy......Page 51 OVERALL COST LEADERSHIP......Page 52 TWO INTERESTING AND COMPLEMENTARY STRATEGY FRAMEWORKS......Page 53 Identifying Important Business Processes: Value-Chain Analysis......Page 57 IDENTIFYING PROCESSES THAT ADD VALUE......Page 58 IDENTIFYING PROCESSES THAT REDUCE VALUE......Page 59 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 60 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: EXPLORING YOUR SPACE AT MYSPACE.COM......Page 61 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: IS THE WORLD DUMPING DATA ON YOU?......Page 62 Key Terms and Concepts......Page 63 Assignments and Exercises......Page 64 Discussion Questions......Page 65 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 66 OPENING CASE STUDY: A SMACK—A GROUP OF JELLYFISH OR SOCIAL COMMERCE SHOPPING?......Page 68 Supply Chain Management......Page 69 STRATEGIC AND COMPETITIVE OPPORTUNITIES WITH SCM......Page 71 Customer Relationship Management......Page 72 STRATEGIC AND COMPETITIVE OPPORTUNITIES WITH CRM......Page 74 IT SUPPORT FOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT......Page 75 E-Collaboration......Page 76 SOCIAL NETWORKING WITH SOCIAL NETWORKING SYSTEMS......Page 77 STRATEGIC AND COMPETITIVE OPPORTUNITIES WITH E-COLLABORATION......Page 78 IT Culture—An Organizational Perspective......Page 79 IT CULTURE—STRUCTURING THE IT FUNCTION......Page 80 IT CULTURE—PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO IT......Page 82 Enterprise Resource Planning—Bringing IT All Together......Page 83 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 86 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: IS ERP THE ANSWER FOR A COMPANY THAT HASN’T MADE A PROFIT IN SIX YEARS?......Page 87 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: IT’S ALL ABOUT CUSTOMER RELATIONS IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET......Page 88 Key Terms and Concepts......Page 89 Assignments and Exercises......Page 90 Discussion Questions......Page 91 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 92 OPENING CASE STUDY : CAN COMPANIES KEEP YOURPERSONAL INFORMATION SECURE AND PRIVATE?......Page 94 Introduction......Page 95 CREATED WITH LOGICAL STRUCTURES......Page 97 WITH LOGICAL TIES WITHIN THE INFORMATION......Page 99 WITH BUILT-IN INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS......Page 100 Database Management System Tools......Page 101 DATA DEFINITION SUBSYSTEM......Page 102 DATA MANIPULATION SUBSYSTEM......Page 103 DATA ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM......Page 106 WHAT IS A DATA WAREHOUSE?......Page 108 WHAT ARE DATA-MINING TOOLS?......Page 110 DATA MARTS: SMALLER DATA WAREHOUSES......Page 111 DATA MINING AS A CAREER OPPORTUNITY......Page 112 Business Intelligence Revisited......Page 113 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SUPPORT......Page 115 INFORMATION CLEANLINESS......Page 116 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 117 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: BEN & JERRY’S, BIGELOW TEAS, AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE......Page 118 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: MINING DINING DATA......Page 120 Key Terms and Concepts......Page 121 Assignments and Exercises......Page 122 Discussion Questions......Page 123 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 124 OPENING CASE STUDY: VISUALIZING INFORMATION IN MAP FORM CAN AID IN DECISION MAKING......Page 126 Introduction......Page 127 Decision Support Systems......Page 129 COMPONENTS OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM......Page 130 Geographic Information Systems......Page 133 Expert Systems......Page 135 WHAT EXPERT SYSTEMS CAN AND CAN’T DO......Page 136 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic......Page 138 FUZZY LOGIC......Page 139 Genetic Algorithms......Page 141 Intelligent Agents......Page 142 MONITORING-AND-SURVEILLANCE AGENTS......Page 143 USER AGENTS......Page 145 Multi-Agent Systems and Agent-Based Modeling......Page 146 ANT COLONIES AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE......Page 147 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 149 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: CRYSTAL BALL, CLAIRVOYANT, FORTUNE TELL ING . . .CAN PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS DELIVER THE FUTURE?......Page 150 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: CLOSING THE GREAT HEALTH CARE DIVIDE WITH PATTERN RECOGNITION AND DATA-MINING TECHNOLOGIES......Page 151 Assignments and Exercises......Page 153 Discussion Questions......Page 154 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 156 OPENING CASE STUDY: WHAT’S REPLACING THE DAY AFTER THANKSGIVING FOR SHOPPING SALES?......Page 158 Introduction......Page 159 BUSINESS TO BUSINESS (B2B) E-COMMERCE......Page 160 CONSUMER TO BUSINESS (C2B) E-COMMERCE......Page 161 CONSUMER TO GOVERNMENT (C2G) E-COMMERCE......Page 162 GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNMENT (G2G) E-COMMERCE......Page 163 WHO ARE YOUR CUSTOMERS?......Page 164 WHAT IS THE VALUE OF YOUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AS PERCEIVED BY YOUR CUSTOMERS?......Page 165 BUSINESS TO CONSUMER......Page 169 BUSINESS TO BUSINESS......Page 170 BUSINESS TO CONSUMER PAYMENT SYSTEMS......Page 172 BUSINESS TO BUSINESS PAYMENT SYSTEMS......Page 174 SECURITY: THE PERVADING CONCERN......Page 176 YOUTH......Page 178 THE LONG TAIL......Page 179 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 181 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: WHEN YOU’RE BIG, YOU CAN BE YOUR OWN B2B E-MARKETPLACE......Page 183 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: E-BUSINESS TREND: FAR-EASTE-COMMERCE EXPLOSION......Page 184 Assignments and Exercises......Page 186 Discussion Questions......Page 187 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 188 OPENING CASE STUDY: SAVING LIVES THROUGH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION......Page 190 Insourcing and the Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 191 PHASE 1: PLANNING......Page 193 PHASE 2: ANALYSIS......Page 194 PHASE 4: DEVELOPMENT......Page 195 PHASE 6: IMPLEMENTATION......Page 196 PHASE 7: MAINTENANCE......Page 197 RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY......Page 198 EXTREME PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY......Page 199 Selfsourcing (End-User Development)......Page 201 THE SELFSOURCING PROCESS......Page 202 THE ADVANTAGES OF SELFSOURCING......Page 203 WHICH APPLICATIONS FOR IT TO OFFLOAD......Page 204 Prototyping......Page 205 THE PROTOTYPING PROCESS......Page 206 THE DISADVANTAGES OF PROTOTYPING......Page 208 Outsourcing......Page 209 THE OUTSOURCING PROCESS......Page 211 GEOPOLITICAL OUTSOURCING OPTIONS......Page 213 THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OUTSOURCING......Page 215 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 216 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: GETTING ON THE RIGHT TRACK AT GENERAL MOTORS......Page 217 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: SHOULD AN ORGANIZATION OUTSOURCE SECURITY?......Page 218 Key Terms and Concepts......Page 219 Assignments and Exercises......Page 220 Discussion Questions......Page 221 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 222 OPENING CASE STUDY: NEITHER RAIN NOR SNOW NOR DARK OF NIGHT . . . IT’S NOT THE POST OFFICE—IT’S THE IRS......Page 224 CUSTOMERS......Page 225 END USERS......Page 226 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS......Page 227 ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) REVISITED......Page 228 SUPPORTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES......Page 233 EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS METRICS......Page 237 CALL CENTER METRICS......Page 239 FINANCIAL METRICS......Page 240 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS REVISITED......Page 241 PHASE 1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN......Page 242 PHASE 3: DESIGN......Page 243 PHASE 6: MAINTENANCE......Page 244 Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 245 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: INTERNATIONAL TRUCK MAKES A HUGE BET ON A SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE......Page 247 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: ROGER WILLIAMS MEDICAL CENTER BOOSTS ITS IT INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 248 Short-Answer Questions......Page 249 Assignments and Exercises......Page 250 Discussion Questions......Page 251 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 252 OPENING CASE STUDY: THEY KNOW ABOUT 96 PERCENT OF AMERICAN HOUSEHOLDS......Page 254 Ethics......Page 255 TWO FACTORS THAT DETERMINE HOW YOU DECIDE ETHICAL ISSUES......Page 256 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY......Page 257 PRIVACY AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS......Page 258 IDENTITY THEFT......Page 260 PRIVACY AND EMPLOYEES......Page 262 PRIVACY AND CONSUMERS......Page 264 PRIVACY AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES......Page 269 LAWS ON PRIVACY......Page 270 Security......Page 271 SECURITY AND EMPLOYEES......Page 272 SECURITY PRECAUTIONS......Page 275 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 277 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: CAUTIONARY TALES OF INDISCREET E-MAIL......Page 278 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATION PROTECTION......Page 279 Short-Answer Questions......Page 280 Discussion Questions......Page 281 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 282 OPENING CASE STUDY: CAN AN E-SOCIETY REPLACE OUR REAL SOCIETY?......Page 284 Introduction......Page 285 SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE......Page 286 PUSH, NOT PULL, TECHNOLOGIES AND PERSONALIZATION......Page 287 F2B2C: A NEW E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODEL......Page 288 WEB 2.0......Page 289 E-SOCIETY......Page 290 VIRTUAL REALITY......Page 291 CAVE AUTOMATIC VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 292 BIOMETRICS......Page 293 The Wireless Arena......Page 296 THE NEXT GENERATION OF CELL PHONE TECHNOLOGY......Page 297 RFID (RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION)......Page 298 MULTI-STATE CPUS......Page 300 HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE DEVICES......Page 301 TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BETTERMENT OF SOCIETY......Page 302 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 303 CLOSING CASE STUDY ONE: THE NBA GOES NFC......Page 305 CLOSING CASE STUDY TWO: TRACKING YOUR CHILDREN......Page 306 Short-Answer Questions......Page 307 Assignments and Exercises......Page 308 Discussion Questions......Page 309 CHAPTER PROJECTS......Page 310 APPENDIX A: COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE......Page 311 A Quick Tour of Technology......Page 312 TABLET PCS......Page 314 MINICOMPUTERS, MAINFRAME COMPUTERS,AND SUPERCOMPUTERS......Page 315 APPLICATION SOFTWARE......Page 317 SYSTEM SOFTWARE......Page 319 Hardware: Your Physical Interface......Page 321 COMMON INPUT DEVICES......Page 322 COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES......Page 324 COMMON STORAGE DEVICES......Page 326 CPU AND RAM......Page 328 CONNECTING THE HARDWARE OUTSIDE TO THEHARDWARE INSIDE......Page 330 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 334 Key Terms and Concepts......Page 335 Assignments and Exercises......Page 336 APPENDIX B: NETWORK BASICS......Page 339 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NETWORKS......Page 340 WIRED AND WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA......Page 341 HOME INTERNET SERVICE AND BROADBAND ROUTERS......Page 342 SWITCHES......Page 343 ROUTERS......Page 345 Internet......Page 346 BANDWIDTH......Page 347 INTERNET CONNECTION TYPES......Page 348 VOICE OVER IP......Page 353 WIRED COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA......Page 354 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA......Page 355 Network Security......Page 357 PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SECURITY......Page 358 FIREWALLS AND INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS......Page 359 ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATIONS: SSL AND VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS......Page 360 OTHER SECURITY THREATS: MALWARE......Page 361 The Client/Server Software Model......Page 362 CLIENT/SERVER—A BUSINESS VIEW......Page 363 Summary: Student Learning Outcomes Revisited......Page 367 Assignments and Exercises......Page 369 APPENDIX C; CAREERS IN BUSINESS......Page 371 Introduction......Page 372 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 373 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 374 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 376 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 377 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 378 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 379 Information Technology......Page 381 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 382 Management......Page 383 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 384 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 385 Marketing......Page 386 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 387 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 388 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 389 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 390 TYPICAL JOB TITLES AND DESCRIPTIONS......Page 391 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS YOU SHOULD PURSUE......Page 392 Assignments and Exercises......Page 394 Group Projects......Page 395 Electronic Commerce Projects......Page 419 Glossary......Page 431 Notes......Page 445 Photo Credits......Page 451 Index......Page 452