Machine Devices and Components - Illustrated Sourcebook

Parmley Robert O. (ed.) Machine Devices and Components - Illustrated Sourcebook 2005 [pdf 428sc 31.34mb] Invaluable to anyone who designs, repairs, or operates machines, this sourcebook contains 2000 illustrations of the most commonly used components found in home appliances, office machines, vehicles, aircraft, ships, construction, factory equipment, and machine tools. The author also includes design formulas and structural data. Contents: Mechanisms * Machine Elements * Gearing * Fluid-Filled Bearing * Bearings with Rolling Contact * Packing and Seals * Pipe, Fitting, and Valves * Key Equations and Charts for Designing Mechanisms (20050301) Front Matter......Page 1 Preface......Page 4 Introduction......Page 6 Index......Page 0 Table of Contents......Page 8 Section 1. Ingenious Mechanisms......Page 14 1.1 Modified Geneva Drives and Special Mechanisms......Page 15 1.2 Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-torque Drives......Page 17 1.3 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Movements......Page 19 1.4 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Action......Page 21 1.5 How to Damp Axial and Rotational Motion......Page 23 1.6 Make Diaphragms Work for You......Page 25 1.7 4 Ways to Eliminate Backlash......Page 27 1.8 4 More Ways to Prevent Backlash......Page 29 1.9 Limit-switch Backlash......Page 31 Section 2. Creative Assemblies......Page 32 2.1 Rotary Piston Engine......Page 33 2.2 Milk Transfer System......Page 34 2.3 Hydraulic Motor......Page 35 2.4 Slash Errors with Sensitive Balance......Page 36 2.5 Control-locked Thwart Vibration and Shock......Page 37 2.6 1-way Output from Speed Reducers......Page 39 2.7 Torque-limiters Protect Light-duty Drives......Page 41 2.8 6 Ways to Prevent Overloading......Page 43 2.9 7 More Ways to Prevent Overloading......Page 45 2.10 7 Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation......Page 47 2.11 Devices for Indexing or Holding Mechanical Movements......Page 49 2.12 Saw-matic Mechanism......Page 50 2.13 Piping Assembly for Sewage Lift Station Control Vault......Page 51 2.14 Water Bike......Page 52 Section 3. Linkages......Page 53 3.1 8 Basic Push-pull Linkages......Page 54 3.2 5 Linkages for Straight-line Motion......Page 56 3.3 10 Ways to Change Straight-line Direction......Page 58 3.4 9 More Ways to Change Straight-line Direction......Page 60 3.5 Linkage for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes......Page 62 3.6 Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions......Page 64 3.7 Seven Popular Types of Three-dimensional Drives......Page 66 3.8 Power Thrust Linkages and Their Applications......Page 70 3.9 Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms......Page 72 3.10 Four-bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications......Page 74 Section 4. Connections......Page 76 4.1 14 Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts......Page 77 4.2 Attaching Hubless Gears to Shafts......Page 79 4.3 10 Different Types of Splined Connections......Page 81 4.4 Alternates for Doweled Fasteners......Page 83 4.5 6 More Alternates for Doweled Fastenings......Page 85 4.6 29 Ways to Fasten Springs......Page 87 4.7 20 Tamper-proof Fasteners......Page 91 4.8 Lanced Metal Eliminates Separate Fasteners......Page 93 4.9 Joining Circular Parts without Fasteners......Page 95 Section 5. Locking Devices & Methods......Page 97 5.1 Friction Clamping Devices......Page 98 5.2 Retaining and Locking Detents......Page 100 5.3 How Spring Clamps Hold Workpieces......Page 102 5.4 Holding Fixture for Workpiece......Page 104 5.5 15 Ways to Fasten Gears to Shafts......Page 105 5.6 8 Control Mountings......Page 110 5.7 8 Interlocking Sheetmetal Fasteners......Page 112 5.8 Fastening Sheet-metal Parts by Tongues, Snaps, or Clinching......Page 114 5.9 Snap Fasteners for Polyethylene......Page 116 5.10 Snap Fasteners for Polystyrene......Page 118 Section 6. Gears & Gearing......Page 120 6.1 Nomenclature of Gears......Page 121 6.2 Graphical Representation of Gear Dimensions......Page 123 6.3 Worksheet Streamlines Bevel-gear Calculations......Page 125 6.4 Alignment Chart for Face Gears......Page 127 6.5 Power Capacity of Spur Gears......Page 129 6.6 Linear to Angular Conversion of Gear-tooth Index Error......Page 132 6.7 Checklist for Planetary-gear Sets......Page 133 6.8 Epicyclic Gear Trains......Page 135 6.9 Cycloid Gear Mechanisms......Page 137 6.10 Cardan-gear Mechanisms......Page 144 6.11 Typical Methods of Providing Lubrication for Gear Systems......Page 146 Section 7. Clutches......Page 148 7.1 Basic Types of Mechanical Clutches......Page 149 7.2 Construction Details of Overriding Clutches......Page 151 7.3 10 Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches......Page 153 7.4 Low-cost Designs for Overrunning Clutches......Page 155 7.5 Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service......Page 157 7.6 Centrifugal Clutches......Page 159 7.7 Serrated Clutches and Detents......Page 163 7.8 Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch......Page 165 7.9 Accurate Solution for Disk-clutch Torque Capacity......Page 166 7.11 Rolling-type Clutch......Page 167 Section 8. Chains, Sprockets & Ratchets......Page 168 8.1 History of Chains......Page 169 8.2 Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 171 8.3 Bead Chains for Light Service......Page 175 8.4 Methods for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives......Page 177 8.5 Lubrication of Roller Chains......Page 179 8.6 Sheet Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms & Ratchets......Page 181 8.7 Ratchet Layout Analyzed......Page 183 8.8 No Teeth Ratchets......Page 185 8.9 One-way Drive Chain Solves Problem of Sprocket Skip......Page 187 Section 9. Belts & Belting......Page 188 9.1 Ten Types of Belt Drives......Page 189 9.2 Find the Length of Open and Closed Belts......Page 191 9.3 Getting in Step with Hybrid Belts......Page 193 9.4 Equations for Computing Creep in Belt Drives......Page 197 9.5 Mechanisms for Adjusting Tension of Belt Drives......Page 201 9.6 Leather Belts-hp Loss and Speeds......Page 203 Section 10. Shafts & Couplings......Page 204 10.1 Overview of Shafts & Couplings......Page 205 10.2 Critical Speeds of End Supported Bare Shafts......Page 208 10.3 Shaft Torque: Charts Find Equivalent Sections......Page 209 10.4 Novel Linkage for Coupling Offset Shafts......Page 211 10.5 Coupling of Parallel Shafts......Page 213 10.6 Low-cost Methods of Coupling Small Diameter Shafts......Page 215 10.7 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts I......Page 217 10.8 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts II......Page 219 10.9 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings I......Page 221 10.10 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings II......Page 223 10.11 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings III......Page 225 10.12 Ten Universal Shaft Couplings......Page 227 10.13 Novel Coupling Shifts Shafts......Page 229 Section 11. Threaded Components......Page 230 11.1 Getting the Most from Screws......Page 231 11.2 20 Dynamic Applications for Screw Threads......Page 233 11.3 16 Ways to Align Sheets and Plates with One Screw......Page 237 11.4 Various Methods of Locking Threaded Members......Page 239 11.5 How to Provide for Backlash in Threaded Parts......Page 241 11.6 7 Special Screw Arrangements......Page 243 11.7 World of Self-locking Screws......Page 245 Section 12. Pins......Page 250 12.1 Slotted Spring Pins Find Many Jobs......Page 251 12.2 8 Unusual Jobs for Spring Pins......Page 253 12.3 8 Electrical Jobs for Spring Pins......Page 255 12.4 8 More Spring Pin Applications......Page 257 12.5 Uses of Split Pins......Page 259 12.6 Design Around Spiral Wrapped Pins......Page 261 12.7 A Penny-wise Connector: the Cotter Pin......Page 263 12.8 Standards of Slotted-type Spring Pins......Page 265 12.9 Standards of Coiled-type Spring Pins......Page 266 12.10 Standards of Grooved Pins......Page 267 12.11 Standards of Round-head Grooved Drive Studs......Page 268 12.12 Standards of Grooved T-head Cotter Pins......Page 269 12.13 Standards of Cotter Pins......Page 270 12.14 Pin and Shaft of Equal Strength......Page 271 Section 13. Springs......Page 272 13.1 12 Ways to Put Springs to Work......Page 273 13.2 Multiple Uses of Coil Springs......Page 275 13.3 Control Depth Primer Tool Employs Coil Springs......Page 277 13.4 One Spring Returns the Hand Lever......Page 279 13.5 6 More One Spring Lever Return Designs......Page 281 13.6 How to Stiffen Bellows with Springs......Page 283 13.7 Springs: How to Design for Variable Rate......Page 285 13.8 Adjustable Extension Springs......Page 287 13.9 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods I......Page 289 13.10 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods II......Page 291 13.11 Flat Springs in Mechanisms......Page 293 13.12 Flat Springs Find More Work......Page 295 13.13 Pneumatic Spring Reinforcement......Page 297 Section 14. Cams......Page 298 14.1 Generating Cam Curves......Page 299 14.2 Cams and Gears Team Up in Programmed Motion......Page 306 14.3 Spherical Cams: Linking Up Shafts......Page 308 14.4 Modifications and Uses for Basic Types of Cams......Page 311 14.5 Nomogram for Parabolic Cam with Radically Moving Follower......Page 313 Section 15. Grommets, Spacers & Inserts......Page 314 15.1 A Fresh Look at Rubber Grommets......Page 315 15.2 These Spacers Are Adjustable......Page 317 15.3 Odd Jobs for Rubber Mushroom Bumpers......Page 319 15.4 Spacers Used in Jigs & Fixtures......Page 321 15.5 Flanged Inserts Stabilize Multi-stroke Reloading Press......Page 322 15.6 Metal Inserts for Plastic Parts......Page 323 15.7 How to Select Threaded Inserts......Page 325 15.8 Applications of Helical Wire Inserts......Page 328 Section 16. Washers......Page 330 16.1 Ideas for Flat Washers......Page 331 16.2 Versatile Flat Washers......Page 333 16.3 Jobs for Flat Rubber Washers......Page 335 16.4 Take Another Look at Serrated Washers......Page 337 16.5 Dished Washers Are Versatile Components......Page 339 16.6 Design Problems Solved with Belleville Spring Washers......Page 341 16.7 Creative Ideas for Cupped Washers......Page 343 16.8 SEM Applications......Page 345 16.9 SEM Standards Tables......Page 346 Section 17. O-rings......Page 349 17.1 8 Unusual Applications for O-rings......Page 350 17.2 16 Unusual Applications for the O-ring......Page 352 17.3 Look at O-rings Differently......Page 354 17.4 O-rings Solve Design Problems I......Page 356 17.5 O-rings Solve Design Problems II......Page 358 17.6 7 More Applications for O-rings......Page 360 17.7 Design Recommendations for O-ring Seals......Page 362 17.8 O-ring Seals for Pump Valves......Page 364 Section 18. Retaining Rings......Page 366 18.1 Comparisons of Retaining Rings versus Typical Fasteners......Page 367 18.2 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, I......Page 369 18.3 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, Il......Page 371 18.4 Coupling Shafts with Retaining Rings......Page 373 18.5 The Versatile Retaining Ring......Page 377 18.6 The Multiple-purpose Retaining Ring......Page 381 18.7 More Work for Round Retaining Rings......Page 383 18.8 Deflections of Perpendicularly Loaded Split Circular Rings......Page 385 18.9 Improve Design with Retaining Rings......Page 387 Section 19. Balls......Page 388 19.1 12 Ways to Put Balls to Work......Page 389 19.2 How Soft Balls Can Simplify Design......Page 391 19.3 Rubber Balls Find Many Jobs......Page 393 19.4 Multiple Use of Balls in Milk Transfer System......Page 395 19.5 Use of Balls in Reloading Press......Page 397 19.6 Nine Types of Ball Slides for Linear Motion......Page 399 19.7 Stress on a Bearing Ball......Page 401 19.8 Compact Ball Transfer Units......Page 403 19.9 Classic Uses of Balls in Valves......Page 404 C......Page 406 D......Page 407 G......Page 408 M......Page 409 R......Page 410 S......Page 411 W......Page 412 Section 20. Bushings & Bearings......Page 413 20.1 Going Creative with Flanged Bushings......Page 414 20.2 Seven Creative Ideas for Flanged Rubber Bushings......Page 417 20.3 Rotary-linear Bearings......Page 419 20.4 Unusual Applications of Miniature Bearings......Page 420 20.5 Rolling Contact Bearing Mounting Units......Page 422 20.6 Eleven Ways to Oil Lubricate Ball Bearings......Page 424 20.7 Lubrication of Small Bearings......Page 426 20.8 Cage Keeps Bearings in Line and Lubricated......Page 428