Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook

2,501 mechanisms and mechanical devices – at your fingertips! A one-of-a-kind pictorial directory, Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, Third Edition, gives you drawings and descriptions of time-tested components, mechanisms, and devices. A carefully compiled index lets you quickly find a specific component which may very well be the exact problem-solving answer you've been seeking. You can count on this guide to help you: * Recycle successful mechanical inventions into new products, with or without modifications * Design basic mechanisms from scratch with a chapter of tutorial text and formulas * Save time researching patents * Get a refresher on the design and function of bearings, belts, brakes, clutches, couplings, cranks, feeders, gears, genevas, joints, latches, linkages, pumps, screws, springs, and switches Stay on top of present and future trends in mechanical engineering and machine design, with up-to-date treatments of motion control systems; 2D and 3D CAD software; industrial robots and rapid prototyping (RP) systems; recent research and spinoffs of MEMS technology Front Matter......Page 1 About the Editors......Page 3 Acknowledgments......Page 4 Table of Contents......Page 0 Preface......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 7 1. Motion Control Systems......Page 12 Motion Control Systems Overview......Page 13 Glossary of Motion Control Terms......Page 20 High-Speed Gearheads Improve Small Servo Performance......Page 21 Modular Single-Axis Motion Systems......Page 23 Mechanical Components Form Specialized Motion-Control Systems......Page 24 Servomotors, Stepper Motors, and Actuators for Motion Control......Page 25 Servosystem Feedback Sensors......Page 33 Solenoids and Their Applications......Page 40 2. Robot Mechanisms......Page 44 Industrial Robots......Page 45 FANUC Robot Specifications......Page 49 Mechanism for Planar Manipulation With Simplified Kinematics......Page 54 Tool-Changing Mechanism for Robot......Page 55 Piezoelectric Motor in Robot Finger Joint......Page 56 Six-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Minimanipulator......Page 57 Self-Reconfigurable, Two-Arm Manipulator With Bracing......Page 58 Improved Roller and Gear Drives for Robots and Vehicles......Page 59 All-Terrain Vehicle With Self-Righting and Pose Control......Page 60 3. Parts-Handling Mechanisms......Page 61 Mechanisms That Sort, Feed, or Weigh......Page 62 Cutting Mechanisms......Page 66 Vibrating Mechanism......Page 68 Seven Basic Parts Selectors......Page 69 Eleven Parts-Handling Mechanisms......Page 70 Seven Automatic-Feed Mechanisms......Page 72 Seven Linkages for Transport Mechanisms......Page 75 Conveyor Systems for Production Machines......Page 78 Traversing Mechanisms for Winding Machines......Page 83 Machine Applies Labels from Stacks or Rollers......Page 85 High-Speed Machines for Adhesive Applications......Page 86 Automatic Stopping Mechanisms for Faulty Machine Operation......Page 92 Electrical Automatic Stopping Mechanisms......Page 98 Automatic Safety Mechanisms for Operating Machines......Page 100 4. Reciprocating and General-Purpose Mechanism......Page 102 Gears and Eccentric Disk Combine in Quick Indexing......Page 103 Timung Belts, Four-Bar Linkage Team Up for Smooth Indexing......Page 104 Modified Ratchet Drive......Page 105 Odd Shapes in Planetary Give Smooth Stop and Go......Page 106 Cycloid Gear Mechanism Controls Stroke of Pump......Page 108 New Star Wheels Challenge Geneva Drives for Indexing......Page 109 Geneva Mechanisms......Page 112 Modified Geneva Drives......Page 115 Indexing and Intermittent Mechanisms......Page 117 Rotary-to-Reciprocating Motion and Dwell Mechanisms......Page 125 Friction Devices for Intermittent Rotary Motion......Page 131 No Teeth on These Ratchets......Page 133 Cam-Controlled Planetary Gear System......Page 134 5. Special-Purpose Mechanisms......Page 135 Nine Different Ball Slides for Linear Motion......Page 136 Ball-Bearing Screws Convert Rotary to Linear Motion......Page 138 Three-Point Gear/Leadscrew Positioning......Page 139 Unique Linkage Produces Precise Straight-Line Motion......Page 140 Twelve Expanding and Contracting Devices......Page 142 Five Linkages for Straight-Line Motion......Page 144 Linkage Ratios for Straight-Line Mechanisms......Page 146 Linkages for Other Motions......Page 147 Five Cardan-Gear Mechanisms......Page 148 Ten Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction......Page 150 Nine More Ways to Change Straight-Line Direction......Page 152 Linkages for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes......Page 154 Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions......Page 156 Stroke Multiplier......Page 158 Force and Stroke Multipliers......Page 160 Stroke-Amplifying Mechanisms......Page 162 Adjustable-Stroke Mechanisms......Page 163 Adjustable-Output Mechanisms......Page 164 Reversing Mechanisms......Page 166 Computing Mechanisms......Page 167 Eighteen Variations of Differential Linkage......Page 171 Space Mechanisms......Page 173 Seven Popular Types of Three-Dimensional Drives......Page 175 Inchworm Actuator......Page 180 6. Spring, Bellow, Flexure, Screw and Ball Devices......Page 181 Flat Springs in Mechanisms......Page 182 Pop-Up Springs Get New Backbone......Page 184 Twelve Ways to Put Springs to Work......Page 185 Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-Torque Drives......Page 187 Spring Motors and Typical Associated Mechanisms......Page 189 Flexures Accurately Support Pivoting Mechanisms and Instruments......Page 191 Taut Bands and Leadscrew Provide Accurate Rotary Motion......Page 193 Air Spring Mechanisms......Page 194 Obtaining Variable Rates from Springs......Page 196 Belleville Springs......Page 197 Spring-Type Linkage for Vibration Control......Page 198 Twenty Screw Devices......Page 199 Ten Ways to Employ Screw Mechanisms......Page 202 Seven Special Screw Arrangements......Page 203 Fourteen Adjusting Devices......Page 204 Linear Roller Bearings Are Suited for High-Load, Heavy-Duty Tasks......Page 205 7. Cam, Toggle, Chain and Belt Mechanisms......Page 206 Cam Basics......Page 207 Cam-Curve Generating Mechanisms......Page 208 Fifteen Ideas for Cam Mechanisms......Page 214 Special-Function Cams......Page 216 Cam Drives for Machine Tools......Page 217 Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms......Page 218 Sixteen Latch, Toggle, and Trigger Devices......Page 220 Six Snap-Action Mechanisms......Page 222 Eight Snap-Action Devices......Page 224 Applications of the Differential Winch to Control Systems......Page 226 Six Applications for mechanical Power Amplifiers......Page 228 Variable-Speed Belt and Chain Drives......Page 231 Getting in Step With Hybrid Belts......Page 234 Motor Mount Pivots for Controlled Tension......Page 238 Bushed Roller Chains and Their Adaptations......Page 239 Six Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 241 Six More Jobs for Roller Chain......Page 243 Mechanisms for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives......Page 245 Smoother Drive Without Gears......Page 247 8. Geared Systems and Variable-Speed Mechanisms......Page 248 Gears and Gearing......Page 249 Nutating-Plate Drive......Page 250 Cone Drive Needs No Gears or Pulleys......Page 251 Variable-Speed Mechanical Drives......Page 252 Unidirectional Drive......Page 260 More Variable-Speed Drives......Page 261 Variable-Speed Friction Drives......Page 263 Variable-Speed Drives and Transmissions......Page 265 Precision Ball Bearings Replace Gears in Tiny Speed Reducers......Page 267 Multifunction Flywheel Smoothes Friction in Tape Cassette Drive......Page 268 Controlled Differential Drives......Page 269 Harmonic-Drive Speed Reducers......Page 270 Flexible Face-Gears Make Efficient High-Reduction Drives......Page 273 Compact Rotary Sequencer......Page 274 Planetary Gear Systems......Page 275 Noncircular Gears......Page 282 Sheet-Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms, and Ratchets......Page 286 How to Prevent Reverse Rotation......Page 288 Gear-Shift Arrangements......Page 289 Shifting Mechanisms for Gears and Clutches......Page 291 Fine-Focus Adjustments......Page 293 Twinworm Gear Drive......Page 294 Compliant Gearing for Redundant Torque Drive......Page 296 Worm Gear With Hydrostatic Engagement......Page 297 Straddle Design of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears......Page 299 9. Coupling, Clutching and Braking Devices......Page 300 Coupling of Parallel Shafts......Page 301 Novel Linkage Couples Offset Shafts......Page 302 Disk-and-Link Coupling Simplifies Transmissions......Page 303 Interlocking Space-Frames Flex as They Transmit Shaft Torque......Page 304 Off-Center Pins Cancel Misalignment of Shafts......Page 306 Hinged Links and Torsion Bushings Give Drives a Soft Start......Page 307 Universal Joint Relays Power 45° at Constant Speeds......Page 308 Basic Mechanical Clutches......Page 309 Spring-Wrapped Slip Clutches......Page 311 Controlled-Slip Concept Adds New Uses for Spring Clutches......Page 313 Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch......Page 314 Slip and Bidirectional Clutches Combine to Control Torque......Page 315 Walking Pressure Plate Delivers Constant Torque......Page 316 Fast-Reversal Reel Drive......Page 317 Seven Overrunning Clutches......Page 318 Roller-Type Clutch......Page 319 One-Way Output From Speed Reducers......Page 320 Springs, Shuttle Pinion, and Sliding Ball Perform in One-Way Drives......Page 321 Details of Overriding Clutches......Page 323 Ten Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches......Page 325 Applications for Sprag-Type Clutches......Page 327 Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service......Page 329 Mechanisms for Station Clutches......Page 331 Twelve Applications for Electromagnetic Clutches and Brakes......Page 333 Trip Roller Clutch......Page 335 Geared Electromechanical Rotary Joint......Page 336 Ten Universal Shaft Couplings......Page 337 Methods for Coupling Rotating Shafts......Page 339 Linkages for Band Clutches and Brakes......Page 343 Special Coupling Mechanisms......Page 344 Link Coupling Mechanisms......Page 345 10. Torque-Limiting, Tensioning, and Governing Devices......Page 346 Sensors Aid Clutch/Brakes......Page 347 Constant Watch on Cable Tension......Page 348 Torque-Limiters Protect Light-Duty Drives......Page 349 Limiters Prevent Overloading......Page 350 Seven Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation......Page 353 Mechanical Systems for Controlling Tension and Speed......Page 355 Drives for Controlling Tension......Page 359 Switch Prevents Overloading of a Hoist......Page 362 Mechanical, Geared, and Cammed Limit Switches......Page 363 Limit Switches in Machinery......Page 365 Automatic Speed Governors......Page 369 Centrifugal, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Electric Governors......Page 371 Speed Control Devices for Mechanisms......Page 373 Floating-Pinion Torque Splitter......Page 374 11. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Machine and Mechanism Control......Page 375 Designs and Operating Principles of Typical Pumps......Page 376 Rotary-Pump Mechanisms......Page 380 Mechanisms Actuated by Pneumatic or Hydraulic Cylinders......Page 382 Linkages Actuate Steering in a Tractor......Page 384 Fifteen Jobs for Pneumatic Power......Page 385 Ten Ways to Use Metal Diaphragms and Capsules......Page 386 Differential Transformer Sensing Devices......Page 388 High-Speed Counters......Page 390 Designing With Permanent Magnets......Page 391 Permanent Magnet Mechanisms......Page 393 Electrically Driven Hammer Mechanisms......Page 396 Thermostatic Mechanisms......Page 398 Temperature-Regulating Mechanisms......Page 402 Photoelectric Controls......Page 404 Liquid Level Indicators and Controllers......Page 406 Instant Muscle With Pyrotechnic Power......Page 408 12. Fastening, Latching, Clamping and Chucking Devices......Page 410 Remotely Controlled Latch......Page 411 Grapple Frees Loads Automatically......Page 412 Automatic Brake Locks Hoist When Driving Torque Ceases......Page 413 Perpendicular-Force Latch......Page 414 Quick-Release Mechanisms......Page 415 Cammed Jaws in Hydraulic Cylinder Grip Sheets......Page 416 Quick-Acting Clamps for Machines and Fixtures......Page 417 Friction Clamping Devices......Page 419 Detents for Stopping Mechanical Movements......Page 421 Ten Different Splined Connections......Page 423 Fourteen Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts......Page 425 Clamping Devices for Accurately Aligning Adjustable Parts......Page 427 Short In-Line Turnbuckle......Page 429 Actuator Exerts Tensile or Compressive Axial Load......Page 430 Gripping System for Mechanical Testing of Composites......Page 431 Passive Capture Joint With Three Degrees of Freedom......Page 432 Probe-and-Socket Fasteners for Robotic Assembly......Page 433 13. Key Equations and Charts for Designing Mechanisms......Page 434 Four-Bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications......Page 435 Designing Geared Five-Bar Mechanisms......Page 437 Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The External Geneva Wheel......Page 441 Kinematics of Intermittent Mechanisms-The Internal Geneva Wheel......Page 444 Equations for Designing Cycloid Mechanisms......Page 447 Designing Crank-and-Rocker Links With Optimum Force Transmission......Page 450 Design Curves and Equations for Gear-Slider Mechanisms......Page 453 Designing Snap-Action Toggles......Page 457 Feeder Mechanisms for Angular Motions......Page 460 Feeder Mechanisms for Curvilinear Motions......Page 461 Roberts' Law Helps to Find Alternate Four-Bar Linkages......Page 464 Ratchet Layout Analyzed......Page 465 Slider-Crank Mechanism......Page 466 14. New Directions in Machine Design......Page 467 Software Improvements Expand CAD Capabilities......Page 468 New Processes Expand Choices for Rapid Prototyping......Page 472 Micromachines Open a New Frontier for Machine Design......Page 479 Gallery of MEMS Electron-Microscope Images......Page 482 Miniature Multispeed Transmissions for Small Motors......Page 485 MEMS Chips Become Integrated Microcontrol Systems......Page 486 LIGA: An Alternative Method for Making Microminiature Parts......Page 488 B......Page 490 C......Page 491 D......Page 497 F......Page 502 G......Page 503 H......Page 506 J......Page 507 L......Page 508 M......Page 510 O......Page 517 P......Page 518 R......Page 519 S......Page 521 T......Page 524 W......Page 525 Design basic mechanisms from scratch with a chapter of tutorial text and formulas ; Save time researching patents ; Get a refresher on the design and function of bearings, belts, brakes, clutches, couplings, cranks, feeders, gears, genevas, joints, latches, linkages, pumps, screws, springs, and switches. Stay on top of present and future trends in mechanical engineering and machine design, with up-to-date treatments of motion control systems; 2D and 3D CAD software; industrial robots and rapid prototyping (RP) systems; recent research and spinoffs of MEMS technology.--Publisher.