Mobile and Wireless Communications for IMT-Advanced and Beyond

A timely addition to the understanding of IMT-Advanced, this book places particular emphasis on the new areas which IMT-Advanced technologies rely on compared with their predecessors. These latest areas include Radio Resource Management, Carrier Aggregation, improved MIMO support and Relaying. Each technique is thoroughly described and illustrated before being surveyed in context of the LTE-Advanced standards. The book also presents state-of-the-art information on the different aspects of the work of standardization bodies (such as 3GPP and IEEE), making global links between them. Explores the latest research innovations to assess the future of the LTE standard Covers the latest research techniques for beyond IMT-Advanced such as Coordinated multi-point systems (CoMP), Network Coding, Device-to-Device and Spectrum Sharing Contains key information for researchers from academia and industry, engineers, regulators and decision makers working on LTE-Advanced and beyond Mobile and Wireless Communications for IMT-Advanced and Beyond Editors......Page 1 Contents......Page 9 About the Editors......Page 15 Preface......Page 17 Acknowledgements......Page 19 List of Abbreviations......Page 21 List of Contributors......Page 27 1.1 Market and Technology Trends......Page 29 1.2 Technology Evolution......Page 31 1.3 Development of IMT-Advanced and Beyond......Page 34 References......Page 36 2.1 Overview of Radio Resource Management......Page 39 2.2.1 Main IMT-Advanced Characteristics......Page 41 2.2.3 Interference Management......Page 44 2.2.5 MBMS Transmission......Page 46 2.3.1 Resource Allocation and Packet Scheduling Using Utility Theory......Page 47 2.3.2 Resource Allocation with Relays......Page 50 2.3.3 Multiuser Resource Allocation Maximizing the UE QoS......Page 52 2.4 Interference Coordination in Mobile Networks......Page 54 2.4.1 Power Control......Page 55 2.4.2 Resource Partitioning......Page 56 2.4.3 MIMO Busy Burst for Interference Avoidance......Page 61 2.5 Efficient MBMS Transmission......Page 63 2.5.1 MBMS Transmission......Page 64 2.5.2 Performance Assessment......Page 65 2.6 Future Directions of RRM Techniques......Page 67 References......Page 68 3.1 Basic Concepts......Page 71 3.2 ITU-R Requirements and Implementation in Standards......Page 73 3.3.1 Channel Coding......Page 76 3.3.2 Scheduling......Page 79 3.3.3 Channel Quality Indicator......Page 81 3.3.4 Additional Research Directions......Page 82 3.4 Cognitive Radio Enabling Dynamic/Opportunistic Carrier Aggregation......Page 83 3.4.1 Spectrum Sharing and Opportunistic Carrier Aggregation......Page 84 3.4.2 Spectrum Awareness......Page 86 3.5 Implications for Signaling and Architecture......Page 87 3.6 Hardware and Legal Limitations......Page 88 References......Page 89 4.1 Introduction......Page 91 4.2 Literature Overview......Page 92 4.2.1 Spectrum Sharing from a Game Theoretic Perspective......Page 94 4.2.2 Femtocells......Page 95 4.3.1 Noncooperative Case......Page 96 4.3.2 Hierarchical Case......Page 97 4.4 Spectrum Trading......Page 98 4.4.1 Revenue and Cost Function for the Offering Operator......Page 101 4.4.2 Numerical Results......Page 102 4.5 Femtocells and Opportunistic Spectrum Usage......Page 103 4.5.1 Femtocells and Standardization......Page 105 4.5.2 Self-Organized Femtocells......Page 107 4.5.3 Beacon-Based Femtocells......Page 109 4.5.4 Femtocells with Intercell Interference Coordination......Page 110 4.5.5 Femtocells with Game Theory......Page 111 4.6 Conclusion, Discussion and Future Research......Page 112 4.6.1 Future Research......Page 113 References......Page 114 5.1 MIMO Fundamentals......Page 117 5.1.1 System Model......Page 119 5.1.2 Point-to-Point MIMO Communications......Page 120 5.1.3 Multiuser MIMO Communications......Page 124 5.1.4 MIMO with Interference......Page 128 5.2 MIMO in LTE-Advanced and 802.16m......Page 129 5.2.1 LTE-Advanced......Page 130 5.3 Generic Linear Precoding with CSIT......Page 132 5.3.1 Transmitter–Receiver Design......Page 133 5.3.2 Transceiver Design with Interference Nulling......Page 138 5.4.1 Limited Feedback......Page 140 5.4.2 CSI Sounding......Page 141 5.5 Future Directions of MIMO Techniques......Page 142 References......Page 143 6.1 Overview of CoMP......Page 149 6.1.1 CoMP Types......Page 150 6.1.2 Architectures and Clustering......Page 151 6.1.3 Theoretical Performance Limits and Implementation Constraints......Page 154 6.2.1 Overview of CoMP Studies......Page 157 6.2.2 Design Choices for a CoMP Functionality......Page 159 6.3.1 SINR for Linear Transmissions......Page 161 6.4 Joint Processing Techniques......Page 162 6.4.1 State of the Art......Page 163 6.4.2 Potential of Joint Processing......Page 164 6.4.3 Dynamic Joint Processing......Page 165 6.4.4 Uplink Joint Processing......Page 169 6.5.1 State of the Art......Page 170 6.5.2 Decentralized Coordinated Beamforming......Page 171 6.5.3 Coordinated Scheduling via Worst Companion Reporting......Page 173 6.6 Practical Implementation of CoMP in a Trial Environment......Page 175 6.6.2 Measurement Results......Page 177 6.7 Future Directions......Page 179 References......Page 180 7.1 An Overview of Relaying......Page 185 7.1.1 Relay Evolution......Page 186 7.1.2 Relaying Deployment Scenarios......Page 187 7.1.3 Relaying Protocol Strategies......Page 188 7.1.5 Numerical Example......Page 190 7.2.1 Relay Types in LTE-Advanced Rel-10......Page 192 7.3 Comparison of Relaying and CoMP......Page 194 7.3.1 Protocols and Resource Management......Page 195 7.3.2 Simulation Results......Page 197 7.4 In-band RNs versus Femtocells......Page 199 7.5 Cooperative Relaying for Beyond IMT-Advanced......Page 201 7.6.1 Multihop RNs......Page 204 References......Page 205 8.1 An Overview of Network Coding......Page 209 8.1.1 Historical Background......Page 210 8.1.3 Applications of Network Coding......Page 211 8.2.1 Detection Strategies......Page 216 8.2.2 User Grouping......Page 218 8.2.3 Relay Selection......Page 219 8.2.4 Performance......Page 220 8.3 Nonbinary Network Coding......Page 222 8.3.1 Nonbinary NC based on UE Cooperation......Page 223 8.3.2 Nonbinary NC for Multiuser and Multirelay......Page 224 8.3.3 Performance......Page 225 8.3.4 Integration in IMT-Advanced and Beyond......Page 226 8.4 Network Coding for Broadcast and Multicast......Page 227 8.4.1 Efficient Broadcast Network Coding Scheme......Page 228 8.4.2 Performance......Page 229 8.5 Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 230 References......Page 231 9.1 Introduction......Page 235 9.2.1 In Standards......Page 236 9.2.2 In Literature......Page 238 9.3 Device-to-Device Communication as Underlay to Cellular Networks......Page 239 9.3.1 Session Setup......Page 240 9.3.2 D2D Transmit Power......Page 242 9.3.3 Multiantenna Techniques......Page 243 9.3.4 Radio Resource Management......Page 248 9.4 Future Directions......Page 253 References......Page 256 10.1 IMT-Advanced Evaluation: ITU Process, Scenarios and Requirements......Page 259 10.1.1 ITU-R Process for IMT-Advanced......Page 260 10.1.2 Evaluation Scenarios......Page 262 10.1.3 Performance Requirements......Page 263 10.2.1 The WINNER+ Evaluation Group Assessment Approach......Page 266 10.3.1 3GPP Self-evaluation......Page 267 10.3.2 Simulative Performance Assessment by WINNER+......Page 269 10.4.1 IMT-Advanced Channel Model......Page 271 10.4.2 Calibration of Large-Scale Parameters......Page 274 10.4.3 Calibration of Small-Scale Parameters......Page 275 10.5 Simulator Calibration......Page 276 10.6 Conclusion and Outlook on the IMT-Advanced Process......Page 277 References......Page 278 11 Future Directions......Page 279 11.2 Heterogeneous Networks......Page 280 11.3 MIMO and CoMP......Page 281 11.5 Device-to-Device Communications......Page 282 11.6 Green and Energy Efficiency......Page 283 References......Page 284 Appendices......Page 287 A.1.2 Resource Allocation with Relays......Page 289 A.2.2 APP Layer Model......Page 291 A.2.3 Optimization Problem......Page 292 A.2.4 Simulation Results......Page 293 A.3 Busy Burst Extended to MIMO......Page 294 A.4.1 Service Operation......Page 295 A.4.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Performance......Page 296 B.1 Spectrum Sensing......Page 297 B.3 Beacon Signaling......Page 298 C.1.2 Dynamic Base Station Clustering......Page 299 C.2.1 Decentralized Coordinated Beamforming......Page 301 C.3 Test-Bed: Distributed Realtime Implementation......Page 304 D.1 Nonbinary NC based on UE Cooperation......Page 309 D.2 Multiuser and Multirelay Scenario......Page 310 E.1.1 Analytical Evaluation......Page 313 E.1.2 Inspection......Page 314 E.2.1 FDD Mode Downlink Direction......Page 315 E.2.2 FDD Mode Uplink Direction......Page 316 E.2.3 TDD Mode Downlink Direction......Page 317 E.2.4 TDD Mode Uplink Direction......Page 319 References......Page 320 Index......Page 323 A timely addition to the understanding of IMT-Advanced, this book places particular emphasis on the new areas which IMT-Advanced technologies rely on compared with their predecessors. These latest areas include Radio Resource Management, Carrier Aggregation, improved MIMO support and Relaying.Each technique is thoroughly described and illustrated before being surveyed in context of the LTE-Advanced standards. The book also presents state-of-the-art information on the different aspects of the work of standardization bodies (such as 3GPP and IEEE), making global links between them.Explores the latest research innovations to assess the future of the LTE standardCovers the latest research techniques for beyond IMT-Advanced such as Coordinated multi-point systems (CoMP), Network Coding, Device-to-Device and Spectrum SharingContains key information for researchers from academia and industry, engineers, regulators and decision makers working on LTE-Advanced and beyond Afif Osseiranreceived a B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronics from Université de Rennes I, France, in 1995, a DEA (B.Sc.E.E) degree in Electrical Engineering from Université de Rennes I and INSA Rennes in 1997, and a M.A.Sc. degree in Electrical and Communication Engineering from École Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada, in 1999. In 2006, he defended successfully his Ph.D thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. Since 1999 he has been with Ericsson, Sweden. During the years 2006 and 2007 he led in the European project WINNER the MIMO task. From April 2008 to June 2010, he was the technical manager of the Eureka Celtic project WINNER+. Dr. Osseiran is listed in the Who's Who in the World, and in Science Engineering. He has published more then 50 technical papers and has in 2009 co-authored a book on Radio Technologies and Concepts for IMT-Advancedwith John Wiley Sons. Since 2006, he has been teaching at Master's level at KTH.Jose F. Monserratreceived his MSc. degree with High Honors and Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications engineering from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) in 2003 and 2007, respectively. In 2009 he was awarded with the best young researcher prize of Valencia. He is currently an associate professor in the Communications Department of the UPV. His research focuses on the application of complex computation techniques to Radio Resource Management (RRM) strategies and to the optimization of current and future mobile communications networks, as LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m. He has been involved in several European Projects, acting as task or work package leader in WINNER+, ICARUS, COMIC and PROSIMOS. In 2010 he also participated in one external evaluation group within ITU-R on the performance assessment of the candidates for the future family of standards for IMT-Advanced.Werner Mohrgraduated from the University of Hannover, Germany, with a Master's degree in electrical engineering in 1981 and a Ph.D. degree in 1987. He joined Siemens AG, in 1991. He was involved in several EU funded projects and ETSI standardization groups on UMTS and systems beyond 3G. In December 1996 he became project manager of the European ACTS FRAMES Project until the project finished in August 1999. This project developed the basic concepts of the UMTS radio interface. Since April 2007 he has been with Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH Co. KG, Germany, where he is Head of Research Alliances. He was the coordinator of the WINNER Project in Framework Program 6 of the European Commission, and the Eureka Celtic project WINNER+. Dr. Mohr is an IEEE Senior Member. He is a co-author of the books Third Generation Mobile Communication Systemsand Radio Technologies and Concepts for IMT-Advanced

A timely addition to the understanding of IMT-Advanced, this book places particular emphasis on the new areas which IMT-Advanced technologies rely on compared with their predecessors. These latest areas include Radio Resource Management, Carrier Aggregation, improved MIMO support and Relaying.

Each technique is thoroughly described and illustrated before being surveyed in context of the LTE-Advanced standards. The book also presents state-of-the-art information on the different aspects of the work of standardization bodies (such as 3GPP and IEEE), making global links between them.

• Explores the latest research innovations to assess the future of the LTE standard
• Covers the latest research techniques for beyond IMT-Advanced such as Coordinated multi-point systems (CoMP), Network Coding, Device-to-Device and Spectrum Sharing
• Contains key information for researchers from academia and industry, engineers, regulators and decision makers working on LTE-Advanced and beyond