Modern Telecommunications : Basic Principles and Practices

"This is an introductory text that will equip readers with the necessary tools to study telecommunications further. It explains the fundamentals and background behind digital TV, radio, cell phones, and satellites as well as the legacy analogue transmissions. It covers digital modulation and analogue communications as this is something many people still use (VHF FM for example). The book also clearly explains the mathematics and simplifies the process to make it more approachable to students"-- Provided by publisher Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Preface 10 About the Author 12 1: Introduction 14 1.1 Historical Background 14 1.2 Reasons for Electromagnetic Communication 15 1.3 Sinusoids: Sines and Cosines 16 1.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum: from Submarines to Satellites 18 1.4.1 ELF, Super Low Frequency (SLF), ULF, VLF 19 1.4.2 Low Frequency 19 1.4.3 Medium Frequency 19 1.4.4 High Frequency 19 1.4.5 Very High Frequency 20 1.4.6 Ultra High Frequency 20 1.4.7 SHF 20 1.4.8 EHF 20 1.4.9 Far Infra-Red (FIR), Mid Infra-Red (MIR), Near Infra-Red (NIR) 20 1.5 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Translation 21 1.6 Tuned Circuits: Station Selection 22 1.7 Basic Radio Receiver Design: The Superheterodyne Receiver 25 1.8 Three Very Important Theorems: Nyquist (TWICE) and Shannon 28 1.9 Problems 29 2: Noise 30 2.1 Circuit Noise: Why Amplifiers Hiss 30 2.2 Noise Factor and Figure 32 2.3 Noise Power from an Antenna 32 2.4 Cascaded Networks: Friss’ Formula 34 2.5 Noise Temperature and Directional Antennae 36 2.6 Algebraic Representation of Noise: Filtered Noise 38 2.7 PROBLEMS 39 3: Introduction to Digital Modulation 40 3.1 Pulse Code Modulation: Digitising Signals 40 3.2 Baseband Digital Signalling: Data Transmission 44 3.3 Carrier-Based Signalling 50 3.3.1 ASK 51 3.3.2 FSK 52 3.3.3 BPSK 54 3.3.4 Matched Filtering 56 3.3.5 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 59 3.3.6 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64 3.4 Coding 68 3.4.1 Parity Check 68 3.4.2 Hamming Code 68 3.4.3 Cyclic Redundancy Code 70 3.4.4 Convolution Coding, Maximum Likelihood and Viterbi Decoding 70 3.4.5 Reed–Solomon Coding 74 3.5 Problems 79 4: Introduction to Analogue Modulation 80 4.1 Amplitude Modulation 80 4.2 Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation 93 4.3 Single Sideband Modulation 94 4.4 Frequency Modulation 96 4.5 Phase Modulation 112 4.6 Problems 113 5: Transmission and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 116 5.1 Waves on Transmission Lines 116 5.2 Reflections and Transmission 121 5.3 Smith Charts 128 5.4 Antennae 134 5.5 Propagation 139 5.6 Problems 143 6: Systems 144 6.1 Satellites 144 6.2 Ethernet 148 6.3 Optical Communications 150 6.4 Mobile Phones 156 6.5 Digital Audio Broadcasting 158 6.6 Digital Video Broadcasting 159 6.7 Wi-Fi 159 6.8 MIMO 160 6.9 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 160 6.10 Bluetooth 161 6.11 The Intelligent Home 161 6.12 Software-Defined Radio 163 Appendix I: The Double Balanced Mixer 164 Appendix II: The Product of Two Cosines 166 Appendix III: The Parallel Tuned Circuit 168 Appendix IV: Decibels 172 Appendix V: Noise Factor and Friss’ Formula 174 Appendix VI: Maximum Power Transfer 176 Appendix VII: Error Function (erf) Tables 180 Appendix VIII: The Discrete Fourier Transform 184 Appendix IX: Summation and Multiplication Tables in GF(8) 188 Appendix X: Bessel Function Coefficients 190 Appendix XI: The Phase-Lock Loop 192 Appendix XII: Lumped Parameters for Coaxial Cable 194 Appendix XIII: The 4B5B Line Code 198 Index 200 Content: Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface About the Author 1: Introduction 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Reasons for Electromagnetic Communication 1.3 Sinusoids: Sines and Cosines 1.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum: from Submarines to Satellites 1.4.1 ELF, Super Low Frequency (SLF), ULF, VLF 1.4.2 Low Frequency 1.4.3 Medium Frequency 1.4.4 High Frequency 1.4.5 Very High Frequency 1.4.6 Ultra High Frequency 1.4.7 SHF 1.4.8 EHF 1.4.9 Far Infra-Red (FIR), Mid Infra-Red (MIR), Near Infra-Red (NIR) 1.5 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Translation 1.6 Tuned Circuits: Station Selection1.7 Basic Radio Receiver Design: The Superheterodyne Receiver 1.8 Three Very Important Theorems: Nyquist (TWICE) and Shannon 1.9 Problems 2: Noise 2.1 Circuit Noise: Why Amplifiers Hiss 2.2 Noise Factor and Figure 2.3 Noise Power from an Antenna 2.4 Cascaded Networks: Friss' Formula 2.5 Noise Temperature and Directional Antennae 2.6 Algebraic Representation of Noise: Filtered Noise 2.7 PROBLEMS 3: Introduction to Digital Modulation 3.1 Pulse Code Modulation: Digitising Signals 3.2 Baseband Digital Signalling: Data Transmission 3.3 Carrier-Based Signalling3.3.1 ASK 3.3.2 FSK 3.3.3 BPSK 3.3.4 Matched Filtering 3.3.5 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 3.3.6 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 3.4 Coding 3.4.1 Parity Check 3.4.2 Hamming Code 3.4.3 Cyclic Redundancy Code 3.4.4 Convolution Coding, Maximum Likelihood and Viterbi Decoding 3.4.5 Reed-Solomon Coding 3.5 Problems 4: Introduction to Analogue Modulation 4.1 Amplitude Modulation 4.2 Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation 4.3 Single Sideband Modulation 4.4 Frequency Modulation 4.5 Phase Modulation 4.6 Problems 5: Transmission and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves5.1 Waves on Transmission Lines 5.2 Reflections and Transmission 5.3 Smith Charts 5.4 Antennae 5.5 Propagation 5.6 Problems 6: Systems 6.1 Satellites 6.2 Ethernet 6.3 Optical Communications 6.4 Mobile Phones 6.5 Digital Audio Broadcasting 6.6 Digital Video Broadcasting 6.7 Wi-Fi 6.8 MIMO 6.9 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 6.10 Bluetooth 6.11 The Intelligent Home 6.12 Software-Defined Radio Appendix I: The Double Balanced Mixer Appendix II: The Product of Two Cosines Appendix III: The Parallel Tuned Circuit Appendix IV: DecibelsAppendix V: Noise Factor and Friss' Formula Appendix VI: Maximum Power Transfer Appendix VII: Error Function (erf) Tables Appendix VIII: The Discrete Fourier Transform Appendix IX: Summation and Multiplication Tables in GF(8) Appendix X: Bessel Function Coefficients Appendix XI: The Phase-Lock Loop Appendix XII: Lumped Parameters for Coaxial Cable Appendix XIII: The 4B5B Line Code Index Telecommunications is fundamental to modern society, with nearly everyone on the planet having access to a mobile phone, Wi-Fi, or satellite and terrestrial broadcast systems. This book is a concise analysis of both the basics of telecommunications as well as numerous advanced systems. It begins with a discussion of why we perform modulation of a carrier signal, continuing with a study of noise affecting all telecommunications links, be they digital or analogue in form. Digital communications techniques are examined in Modern Telecommunications: Basic Principles and Practices. Such an examination is crucial since radio, television, and satellite broadcasts are transmitted using a digital format. Analogue modulations are also considered. The logic behind such an investigation is because, whereas most broadcast systems are moving towards digital transmission, analogue techniques are still very much prevalent (most notably with AM and FM broadcasts). A topic that is often neglected in text books on telecommunications but is at the forefront of Modern Telecommunications concerns transmission lines. This is an important area of work since every length of coaxial cable used to convey signals from an antenna to a receiver is a transmission line. It is vitally important that a transmission line linking a transmitter to the antenna is matched and this topic is explored in great detail in several chapters dealing with Smith charts. Explains the background behind digital TV and radio as well as the legacy of analogue transmissions. Presents materials in a way that minimizes mathematics, making the topic more approachable and interesting to users. Provides a look at familiar systems that readers encounter in their everyday life (including mobile phones, Wi-Fi hotspots, satellites, digital TV, etc.). Demonstrates techniques and topics through end-of-chapter problems. Presents materials in an introductory form, making the information easily understandable and suitable for an undergraduate option course.