Netter's Essential Histology: with Student Consult Access (Netter Basic Science)

**__Netter’s Essential Histology__** integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and cutting-edge scanning electron microscopy to give you a rich visual understanding of this complex subject. This histology textbook-atlas has a **strong anatomy foundation** and utilizes a variety of visual elements - including Netter illustrations and light and electron micrographs - to **teach you the most indispensable histologic concepts** and their **clinical relevance.** Excellent as both a **reference** and a **review**, **__Netter’s Essential Histology__** will serve you well at any stage of your healthcare career. * **Gain a rich understanding** of this vital subject through the succinct explanatory histology text. * **Learn to recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level** with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes. * **Access the entire contents and ancillary components online at Student Consult,** view images and histology slides at different magnifications, and watch new narrated video overviews of each chapter. * **Take your learning one step further** with the purchase of **__Netter's Histology Flash Cards__** (sold separately), designed to **reinforce your understanding** of how the human body works in health as well as illness and injury. * **Thoroughly comprehend how function is linked to structure** through brand-new electron micrographs, many of which have been enhanced and colorized to show ultra-structures in 3D. Front cover Netter's Essential Histology Copyright page DEDICATION PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS FRANK H. NETTER, MD Instructions for online access Table of Contents I: CELLS AND TISSUES 1: THE CELL 1.1 OVERVIEW 1.2 MICROSCOPES AND TECHNIQUES 1.3 DIFFERENT APPEARANCES OF CELLS ACCORDING TO TECHNIQUE 1.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANES 1.5 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS 1.6 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ANCHORING JUNCTIONS 1.7 INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS: ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GAP JUNCTIONS 1.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEOLUS 1.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS: CHROMATIN AND MATRIX 1.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE 1.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA 1.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL CRISTAE AND MATRIX 1.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 1.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 1.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES 1.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE GOLGI COMPLEX 1.17 FUNCTIONS OF THE GOLGI COMPLEX 1.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES 1.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PEROXISOMES 1.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INCLUSIONS: GLYCOGEN 1.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INCLUSIONS: LIPID DROPLETS 1.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES: ENDOCYTOSIS, TRANSCYTOSIS, AND EXOCYTOSIS 1.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MICROTUBULES 1.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASMIC FILAMENTS 1.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CENTROSOME AND CENTRIOLES 1.26 THE CELL CYCLE, MITOSIS, AND OTHER CELLULAR PROCESSES 1.27 SPECIALIZATIONS OF THE CELL SURFACE: CILIA AND BASAL BODIES 2: EPITHELIUM AND EXOCRINE GLANDS 2.1 OVERVIEW 2.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 2.3 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 2.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM 2.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 2.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM 2.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 2.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 2.9 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR EPITHELIA 2.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (UROTHELIUM) 2.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE UROTHELIUM 2.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BASEMENT MEMBRANES 2.13 OVERVIEW OF EXOCRINE GLANDS 2.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEROUS CELLS 2.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEROUS CELLS 2.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUCOUS CELLS 2.17 STRUCTURE AND HISTOLOGY OF RESTING MAMMARY GLANDS 2.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LACTATING (ACTIVE) MAMMARY GLANDS 2.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAMMARY GLAND ALVEOLI 2.20 HISTOLOGY OF ATROPHIC MAMMARY GLANDS 2.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MAMMARY GLAND DUCTS 3: CONNECTIVE TISSUE 3.1 OVERVIEW 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER 3.3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MESENCHYMAL CELLS 3.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FIBROBLASTS 3.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FIBROBLASTS 3.6 SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN 3.7 TYPES OF COLLAGEN AND ITS ULTRASTRUCTURE 3.8 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE 3.9 HISTOLOGY OF RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE 3.10 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MAST CELLS 3.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAST CELLS 3.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS 3.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PLASMA CELLS 3.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES 3.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROPHAGES 3.16 HISTOLOGY OF ADIPOSE TISSUE 3.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF UNILOCULAR ADIPOCYTES IN WHITE FAT 3.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MULTILOCULAR ADIPOCYTES IN BROWN FAT 3.19 HISTOLOGY OF TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS 4: MUSCLE TISSUE 4.1 OVERVIEW 4.2 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS 4.3 ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 4.4 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS 4.5 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION 4.6 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 4.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SARCOTUBULAR SYSTEM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE 4.8 THE SARCOMERE AND MYOFILAMENTS IN CONTRACTION 4.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MYOFILAMENTS IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 4.10 INTRINSIC BLOOD SUPPLY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 4.11 SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES 4.12 HISTOCHEMISTRY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES 4.13 HIGH-RESOLUTION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 4.14 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE MUSCLE-TENDON JUNCTION 4.15 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SATELLITE CELLS 4.16 ORGANIZATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS 4.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS 4.18 HISTOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 4.19 ULTRASTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE 4.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION 4.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 4.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF INTERCALATED DISCS 4.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ATRIAL MYOCYTES 4.24 HISTOLOGY OF PURKINJE FIBERS 4.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PURKINJE FIBERS 4.26 HISTOLOGY OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 4.27 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 4.28 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TRANSVERSE SECTION 4.29 INNERVATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE 5: NERVOUS TISSUE 5.1 OVERVIEW 5.2 EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT 5.3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MENINGES 5.4 NEUROCYTOLOGY: CYTOARCHITECTURE 5.5 NEUROCYTOLOGY: STAINING METHODS 5.6 STRUCTURE OF A NEURON 5.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A NEURON IN GRAY MATTER IN RELATION TO SURROUNDING STRUCTURES 5.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A SPINAL CORD NEURON SOMA 5.9 TYPES OF SYNAPSES 5.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SYNAPSES 5.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GLIAL CELLS 5.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES 5.13 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 5.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 5.15 MYELINATION OF AXONS IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS 5.16 OLIGODENDROCYTES AND MYELINATION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 5.17 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EPENDYMA 5.18 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS 5.19 CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 5.20 CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM 5.21 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM 5.22 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SPINAL CORD 5.23 HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES 5.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MYELINATED AND UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 5.25 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 5.26 NERVE FIBERS IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND NODES OF RANVIER IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 5.27 HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC GANGLIA 5.28 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PERIPHERAL GANGLIA 5.29 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PERINEURIUM 6: CARTILAGE AND BONE 6.1 OVERVIEW 6.2 STRUCTURE OF CARTILAGE 6.3 HISTOLOGY OF HYALINE CARTILAGE 6.4 COMPOSITION OF HYALINE CARTILAGE MATRIX 6.5 HISTOLOGY OF FIBROCARTILAGE 6.6 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE 6.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHONDROCYTES 6.8 OVERVIEW OF BONE FORMATION (OSTEOGENESIS) 6.9 INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATION 6.10 ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION 6.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GROWTH PLATES 6.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE GROWTH PLATE AND THE METAPHYSIS 6.13 HISTOLOGY OF TRABECULAR BONE DEPOSITION AND RESORPTION 6.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLS OF TRABECULAR BONE 6.15 MICROARCHITECTURE OF COMPACT BONE 6.16 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF SPONGY AND COMPACT BONE 6.17 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PERIOSTEUM 6.18 FORMATION AND COMPOSITION OF COLLAGEN 6.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OSTEOBLASTS 6.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OSTEOCYTES 6.21 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF OSTEOCLASTS 6.22 BONE FRACTURE REPAIR: EARLY EVENTS 6.23 BONE FRACTURE REPAIR: INTERMEDIATE AND LATE EVENTS 6.24 HISTOLOGY OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS 6.25 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE SYNOVIUM 7: BLOOD AND BONE MARROW 7.1 OVERVIEW 7.2 FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD 7.3 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES 7.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS 7.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS 7.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS 7.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES 7.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MONOCYTES 7.9 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLATELETS 7.10 HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW 7.11 METHODS OF STUDYING BONE MARROW 7.12 HEMATOPOIESIS 7.13 ERYTHROPOIESIS 7.14 GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS 7.15 MONOCYTOPOIESIS, LYMPHOCYTOPOIESIS, AND THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS II: SYSTEMS 8: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 8.1 OVERVIEW 8.2 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE HEART WALL AND PERICARDIUM 8.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOCARDIUM AND MYOCARDIUM 8.4 HISTOLOGY OF HEART VALVES 8.5 CLASSIFICATION OF ARTERIES AND VEINS 8.6 HISTOLOGY OF ELASTIC ARTERIES 8.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE AORTA 8.8 HISTOLOGY OF LARGE VEINS: THE VENAE CAVAE 8.9 HISTOLOGY OF MUSCULAR ARTERIES AND VEINS 8.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CORONARY ARTERIES 8.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES 8.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES AND VENULES 8.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE 8.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF VENULES, VEINS, AND VENOUS VALVES 8.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENDOTHELIUM 8.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CAPILLARIES 8.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TIGHT CAPILLARIES 8.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES 8.19 INNERVATION OF BLOOD VESSELS 8.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES 8.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THORACIC DUCT 9: LYMPHOID SYSTEM 9.1 OVERVIEW 9.2 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS 9.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MUCOSAASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE 9.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODES 9.5 HISTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES: CORTEX AND PARACORTEX 9.6 HISTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES: MEDULLA AND SINUSES 9.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HIGH ENDOTHELIAL VENULES 9.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TONSILS 9.9 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF TONSILS 9.10 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS 9.11 HISTOLOGY OF THE THYMUS 9.12 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD-THYMUS BARRIER 9.13 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THYMIC MEDULLA AND HASSALL CORPUSCLES 9.14 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN 9.15 HISTOLOGY OF THE SPLEEN 9.16 BLOOD SUPPLY TO WHITE PULP 9.17 BLOOD SUPPLY TO RED PULP 10: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 10.1 OVERVIEW 10.2 ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY 10.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY 10.4 DIVISIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PITUITARY 10.5 BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PITUITARY 10.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PITUITARY LOBES 10.7 HISTOLOGY OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE: CHROMOPHILS AND CHROMOPHOBES 10.8 IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF CELLS OF THE PARS DISTALIS 10.9 FUNCTIONS OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS 10.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE 10.11 FUNCTIONS OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS 10.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE POSTERIOR LOBE 10.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE POSTERIOR LOBE 10.14 OVERVIEW OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID 10.15 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE THYROID 10.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THYROID FOLLICULAR CELLS 10.17 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PARATHYROID 10.18 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PARATHYROID CHIEF CELLS 10.19 OVERVIEW OF THE ADRENAL AND ITS BLOOD SUPPLY 10.20 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL 10.21 HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ADRENAL 10.22 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND MEDULLA 10.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPONGIOCYTES IN THE ZONA FASCICULATA 10.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHROMAFFIN CELLS IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA 10.25 OVERVIEW AND HISTOLOGY OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 10.26 IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 10.27 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 10.28 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BETA CELLS 10.29 HISTOLOGY OF THE PINEAL 11: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 11.1 OVERVIEW 11.2 HISTOLOGY OF THICK AND THIN SKIN 11.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIDERMIS 11.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EPIDERMIS 11.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF KERATINOCYTES 11.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF EPIDERMAL MELANOCYTES 11.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MELANOCYTES AND MELANOGENESIS 11.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS 11.9 HISTOLOGY AND VASCULATURE OF THE DERMIS 11.10 HISTOLOGY AND INNERVATION OF THE DERMIS 11.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS 11.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS 11.13 HISTOLOGY OF PILOSEBACEOUS UNITS: HAIR 11.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF PILOSEBACEOUS UNITS: HAIR FOLLICLES AND HAIR GROWTH 11.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HAIR AND ITS FOLLICLES 11.16 HISTOLOGY OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES 11.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS 11.18 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF NAILS 11.19 HISTOLOGY OF PSORIASIS 12: UPPER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 12.1 OVERVIEW 12.2 HISTOLOGY OF THE LIPS: SKIN AND VERMILION BORDER 12.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE LIPS: ORAL MUCOSA AND CENTRAL CORE 12.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY: CHEEK AND GINGIVA 12.5 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TONGUE 12.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF LINGUAL PAPILLAE 12.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PALATE 12.8 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF TEETH 12.9 DEVELOPMENT AND HISTOLOGY OF TEETH: AMELOBLASTS AND ODONTOBLASTS 12.10 HISTOLOGY OF TEETH: DENTIN AND ENAMEL 12.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS 12.12 HISTOLOGY OF PAROTID GLANDS 12.13 HISTOLOGY OF MIXED SALIVARY (SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL) GLANDS 12.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STRIATED DUCTS 12.15 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS 12.16 HISTOLOGY OF THE ESOPHAGUS: MUCOSA 12.17 HISTOLOGY OF MUCOUS GLANDS OF THE ESOPHAGUS 12.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA AND ADVENTITIA 12.19 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION 12.20 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 13: LOWER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 13.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREGUT, MIDGUT, AND HINDGUT 13.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH 13.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE STOMACH: GASTRIC GLANDS AND PITS 13.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF SURFACE MUCOUS AND MUCOUS NECK CELLS 13.5 HISTOLOGY OF GASTRIC CHIEF CELLS AND PARIETAL CELLS 13.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PARIETAL CELLS 13.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GASTRIC CHIEF CELLS 13.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS 13.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SEROSA AND MUSCULARIS EXTERNA 13.10 HISTOLOGY OF THE GASTRODUODENAL JUNCTION 13.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 13.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE DUODENUM 13.13 HISTOLOGY OF THE JEJUNUM 13.14 HISTOLOGY OF THE ILEUM 13.15 HISTOLOGY AND CELL RENEWAL OF THE EPITHELIUM OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 13.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENTEROCYTES 13.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GOBLET CELLS 13.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PANETH CELLS 13.19 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 13.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 13.21 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE APPENDIX 13.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE APPENDIX 13.23 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION 13.24 HISTOLOGY OF THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION 14: LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND EXOCRINE PANCREAS 14.1 OVERVIEW OF THE LIVER 14.2 CLASSIC HEPATIC LOBULES 14.3 PORTAL TRIADS WITH BLOOD AND BILE SUPPLY 14.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE PORTAL TRACT AND CENTRAL VEIN 14.5 HISTOLOGIC ARRANGEMENT OF HEPATIC PARENCHYMA 14.6 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LIVER ACINUS 14.7 HISTOLOGY OF GLISSON CAPSULE 14.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES 14.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HEPATOCYTES 14.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEPATIC SINUSOIDS 14.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF KUPFFER CELLS 14.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPACE OF DISSÉ 14.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS 14.14 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE HEPATIC BILIARY DUCT SYSTEM 14.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BILE CANALICULI 14.16 OVERVIEW OF THE GALLBLADDER 14.17 HISTOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER WALL 14.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GALLBLADDER MUCOSA 14.19 OVERVIEW OF THE PANCREAS 14.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS: DUCTS 14.21 HISTOLOGY OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS: ACINI 14.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS 14.23 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PANCREAS 15: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 15.1 OVERVIEW 15.2 STRUCTURE OF THE NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES 15.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES 15.4 HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIGLOTTIS 15.5 HISTOLOGY OF THE LARYNX AND VOCAL CORDS 15.6 STRUCTURE OF THE TRACHEA AND MAJOR BRONCHI 15.7 HISTOLOGY OF THE TRACHEA 15.8 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM 15.9 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM 15.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY CILIA 15.11 HISTOLOGY OF THE BRONCHI 15.12 STRUCTURE OF INTRAPULMONARY AIRWAYS 15.13 HISTOLOGY OF TERMINAL AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES 15.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BRONCHIOLAR EPITHELIUM: CLARA CELLS 15.15 INTRAPULMONARY BLOOD CIRCULATION 15.16 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PULMONARY ALVEOLI 15.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE BLOOD-AIR BARRIER 15.18 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TYPE II PNEUMOCYTES 15.19 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES 15.20 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 16: URINARY SYSTEM 16.1 OVERVIEW 16.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE RENAL VASCULATURE 16.3 ANATOMY OF THE URINIFEROUS TUBULE (NEPHRON AND COLLECTING DUCT) 16.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL CORTEX 16.5 HISTOLOGY OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 16.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 16.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RENAL CORPUSCLES 16.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RENAL FILTRATION BARRIER 16.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF RENAL PODOCYTES 16.10 HISTOLOGY OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULES 16.11 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULES 16.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PROXIMAL TUBULES 16.13 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX 16.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX 16.15 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LOOPS OF HENLE (THIN SEGMENTS) 16.16 HISTOLOGY OF COLLECTING DUCTS 16.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COLLECTING DUCTS 16.18 PRONEPHROS, MESONEPHROS, AND METANEPHROS 16.19 DEVELOPMENT OF THE METANEPHROS 16.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE URETERS AND URINARY BLADDER 16.21 HISTOLOGY OF THE URETERS 16.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE URINARY BLADDER 16.23 HISTOLOGY OF THE MALE AND FEMALE URETHRA 17: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 17.1 OVERVIEW 17.2 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF TESTES 17.3 TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND SPERMATOGENESIS 17.4 HISTOLOGY OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES 17.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND SPERMATOGENESIS 17.6 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GERM CELLS AND EARLY SPERMIOGENESIS 17.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GERM CELLS AND LATER SPERMIOGENESIS 17.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SERTOLI CELLS 17.9 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LEYDIG CELLS 17.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LEYDIG CELLS 17.11 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EPIDIDYMIS 17.12 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE EPIDIDYMIS 17.13 HISTOLOGY OF THE DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS 17.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS 17.15 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES 17.16 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PROSTATE 17.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PROSTATE 17.18 HISTOLOGY OF SEMINAL VESICLES 17.19 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE URETHRA AND PENIS 17.20 HISTOLOGY OF THE PENIS 17.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE PENIS 18: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 18.1 OVERVIEW 18.2 OVARIAN STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT 18.3 HISTOLOGY OF THE OVARIAN CORTEX 18.4 HISTOLOGY OF DEVELOPING OVARIAN FOLLICLES 18.5 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF DEVELOPING OVARIAN FOLLICLES 18.6 HISTOLOGY OF MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES 18.7 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM 18.8 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF STEROID-SECRETING CELLS IN THE OVARY 18.9 HISTOLOGY OF ATRETIC FOLLICLES AND SENILE OVARIES 18.10 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 18.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 18.12 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE EPITHELIUM OF FALLOPIAN TUBES 18.13 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE UTERUS 18.14 ENDOMETRIAL BLOOD SUPPLY 18.15 THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE: HISTOLOGIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES 18.16 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOMETRIUM: FOLLICULAR PHASE 18.17 HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOMETRIUM: LUTEAL PHASE 18.18 HISTOLOGY OF THE CERVIX 18.19 HISTOLOGY OF THE VAGINA 18.20 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA 18.21 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PLACENTA 18.22 HISTOLOGY OF THE PLACENTA 18.23 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PLACENTAL BARRIER 18.24 HISTOLOGY OF THE UMBILICAL CORD 18.25 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF MAMMARY GLANDS 18.26 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF NIPPLES AND AREOLAE 19: EYE AND ADNEXA 19.1 OVERVIEW 19.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE 19.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CORNEA 19.4 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CORNEAL STROMA 19.5 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE IRIS 19.6 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE LENS 19.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LENS FIBERS 19.8 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE CILIARY BODY 19.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE CILIARY BODY AND ZONULAR FIBERS 19.10 HISTOLOGY OF THE CANAL OF SCHLEMM AND DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS HUMOR 19.11 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RETINA 19.12 HISTOLOGY OF THE RETINA 19.13 HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTORS 19.14 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MEMBRANOUS DISCS 19.15 REGIONAL SPECIALIZATIONS OF THE RETINA 19.16 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM 19.17 BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE RETINA 19.18 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EYELIDS: CUTANEOUS SURFACE AND CORE 19.19 STRUCTURE OF EYELIDS: FREE MARGIN AND CONJUNCTIVAL SURFACE 19.20 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LACRIMAL GLANDS 20: SPECIAL SENSES 20.1 OVERVIEW 20.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAR 20.3 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS 20.4 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND AUDITORY TUBE 20.5 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE COCHLEA 20.6 HISTOLOGY OF THE ORGAN OF CORTI 20.7 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COCHLEAR HAIR CELLS 20.8 HISTOLOGY OF VESTIBULAR RECEPTORS: CRISTA AMPULLARIS AND MACULA 20.9 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE CRISTA AMPULLARIS 20.10 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VESTIBULAR HAIR CELLS 20.11 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA 20.12 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM 20.13 STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TASTE BUDS 20.14 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF TASTE BUDS 20.15 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TASTE BUDS 20.16 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CUTANEOUS SENSORY RECEPTORS 20.17 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MERKEL CELL–NEURITE COMPLEXES 20.18 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MEISSNER AND PACINIAN CORPUSCLES 20.19 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INTEROCEPTORS: CAROTID BODY AND SINUS 20.20 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A CAROTID BODY 20.21 HISTOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 20.22 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 20.23 INNERVATION OF MUSCLE SPINDLES 20.24 ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GOLGI TENDON ORGANS Appendix: STAINING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES479 Index Netter’s Essential Histology integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and cutting-edge scanning electron microscopy to give you a rich visual understanding of this complex subject. This histology textbook-atlas has a strong anatomy foundation and utilizes a variety of visual elements - including Netter illustrations and light and electron micrographs - to teach you the most indispensible histologic concepts and their clinical relevance. Excellent as both a reference and a review, Netter’s Essential Histology will serve you well at any stage of your healthcare career.Gain a rich understanding of this vital subject through the succinct explanatory histology text. Learn to recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes.