Netter's Essential Physiology E-Book: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access (Netter Basic Science)

Netter's Essential Physiology, Second Edition (2016) 426pp. 978-0-323-35819-4 Front Cover 1 Student Consult page 2 Marketing_ad 3 Netter's Essential Physiology 5 Copyright Page 6 Dedication 7 Preface 9 Acknowledgments 11 About the Authors 13 Video Contents 14 About the Artists 15 Table Of Contents 17 Half title page 19 1 Cell Physiology, Fluid Homeostasis, and Membrane Transport 21 Section 1 text 21 1 The Cell and Fluid Homeostasis 22 Cell Structure and Organization 22 The Cell Membrane 22 Fluid Compartments: Size and Constitutive Elements 22 Fluid Compartments and Size 22 Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments 23 Osmosis, Starling Forces, and Fluid Homeostasis 24 Osmosis 24 Starling Forces 27 Homeostasis 30 2 Membrane Transport 32 Cellular Transport: Passive and Active Mechanisms 32 Passive Transport 32 Simple Diffusion 32 Facilitated Diffusion 32 Active Transport 33 Primary Active Transport 33 Secondary Active Transport 34 Ion Channels 35 Vesicular Membrane Transport 35 Aquaporins 36 Signal Transduction Mechanisms 36 Protein Kinases 36 G Proteins (Heterotrimeric Guanosine Triphosphate–Binding Proteins) 37 Nuclear Receptors 38 Simple Versus Complex Pathways 38 Review Questions 41 Chapter 1: the Cell and Fluid Homeostasis 41 Chapter 2: Membrane Transport 41 2 The Nervous System and Muscle 43 Section 2 text 43 3 Nerve and Muscle Physiology 44 Resting Membrane Potentials 44 Nernst Equation 44 Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation 45 Electrophysical Principles 46 Action Potentials 47 Action Potential Conduction 47 Synaptic Transmission 51 Neuromuscular Junction 54 Skeletal Muscle Organization 56 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 57 The Sliding Filament Theory 58 Mechanical Considerations in Skeletal Muscle Contraction 60 Smooth Muscle 62 Types of Smooth Muscle 62 Contraction of Smooth Muscle 64 Relaxation of Smooth Muscle 64 Cardiac Muscle 65 4 Organization and General Functions of the Nervous System 68 Central Nervous System 68 Brain 68 Blood-Brain Barrier 68 Cerebrospinal Fluid 68 Telencephalon 68 Diencephalon 69 Cerebellum 69 Brainstem 71 The Spinal Cord 71 The Peripheral Nervous System 72 5 Sensory Physiology 77 Sensory Receptors 77 Transduction of Somatosensory Signals 77 The Visual System 79 The Auditory System 81 Transduction of Sound into Electrical Signals 84 The Vestibular System 86 Chemical Senses 89 Taste Cells 89 Olfactory Cells 91 6 The Somatic Motor System 94 Muscle Spindles 94 Spinal Reflexes 94 Role of Higher Centers in Motor Control 95 Corticospinal Tract 96 Brainstem 97 Cerebellum 98 Cerebellar Cortex 98 Basal Ganglia 102 7 The Autonomic Nervous System 104 Organization and General Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System 104 Autonomic Receptors 105 Review Questions 110 Chapter 3: Nerve and Muscle Physiology 110 Chapter 4: Organization and General Functions of the Nervous System 110 Chapter 5: Sensory Physiology 111 Chapter 6: the Somatic Motor System 111 Chapter 7: the Autonomic Nervous System 112 3 Cardiovascular Physiology 113 Section 3 text 113 8 The Blood 114 Composition of Blood 114 Hemostasis 114 9 Overview of the Heart and Circulation 121 General Scheme of the Circulation 121 Structure of the Heart 121 Conduction System of the Heart 121 10 Cardiac Electrophysiology 125 Cardiac Action Potentials 125 The Electrocardiogram 127 11 Flow, Pressure, and Resistance 132 Basic Hemodynamics 132 Blood Pressure 132 Biophysics of Circulation 134 12 The Cardiac Pump 138 The Cardiac Cycle 138 Ventricular Pressure 138 Aortic Pressure 140 Ventricular Volume 140 Atrial Pressure 140 Phonocardiogram 140 Regulation of Cardiac Output 140 Heart Rate Regulation 141 Stroke Volume Regulation 142 The Frank-Starling Relationship 142 Sympathetic Regulation of Stroke Volume 142 Assessment of Cardiac Function 144 Force–Velocity Curves 144 Pressure–Volume Relationship 144 Ejection Fraction 144 Vascular Function and Cardiac Output 144 Venous Compliance and Gravitational Effects 147 Effect of Respiration 147 Cardiac Function and Vascular Function Curves 147 Integration of the Cardiac and Vascular Function Curves 147 13 The Peripheral Circulation 150 The Microcirculation 150 The Lymphatic System 152 Regulation of Blood Flow 152 Regulation of Vascular Tone by Endothelial Cells 152 Local Control of Blood Flow 154 Extrinsic Regulation of Peripheral Blood Flow 155 Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 157 Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure by Arterial Baroreceptors 157 Role of Low-Pressure Baroreceptors and Atrial Stretch 157 Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure 159 Special Circulations 160 Cerebral Circulation 160 Coronary Circulation 160 Blood Flow in Exercise and Effects on Specific Circulations 163 Fetal Circulation 165 Review Questions 168 Chapter 8: The Blood 168 Chapter 9: Overview of the Heart and Circulation 168 Chapter 10: Cardiac Electrophysiology 168 Chapter 11: Flow, Pressure, and Resistance 169 Chapter 12: The Cardiac Pump 169 Chapter 13: The Peripheral Circulation 170 4 Respiratory Physiology 171 Section 4 text 171 14 Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion and Diffusion of Gases 172 Blood Flow in the Lungs 172 Passive Control of Pulmonary Resistance 172 Active Control of Pulmonary Resistance 172 Functional Anatomy of the Lungs and Airways 172 Conducting Zone of the Lung 172 Respiratory Zone of the Lung 174 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities 177 Spirometry 179 Measurement of Capacities (FRC, RV, and TLC) 181 Ventilation and Alveolar Gas Composition 181 Composition of Alveolar Air 182 Diffusion of Gases 183 Perfusion-Limited Gas Transport 184 Diffusion-Limited Gas Transport 184 Ventilation and Perfusion Gradients 184 Zones of the Lung 184 The Ventilation-to-Perfusion Ratio 186 Dead Space and Shunt: Extremes of Imbalance 186 Hypoxemia 188 15 The Mechanics of Breathing 189 Basic Mechanics of the Ventilatory Apparatus 189 Elastic Recoil of the Chest Wall and Lungs 189 Forces During Inspiration and Expiration 189 Compliance, Elastance, and Pressure-Volume Relationships 190 Surfactant and Surface Tension 194 Airway Resistance 197 Effects of Autonomic Nerves on Airway Resistance 197 Lung Volume and Airway Resistance 197 Dynamic Compression of Airways during Expiration 197 Obstructive and Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases and Pulmonary Function Tests 201 16 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport and Control of Respiration 205 Transport of Oxygen 205 Oxygen-Binding Capacity and Oxygen Content of Blood 205 Arteriovenous Oxygen Gradient and Oxygen Consumption 205 The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 206 Factors Affecting the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 206 Transport of Carbon Dioxide 207 Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Form of Bicarbonate Ion 208 The Haldane Effect 209 Carbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance 210 The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation 210 Acid-Base Disturbances 211 Control of Respiration 211 Role of Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors 212 Additional Mechanisms Controlling Respiration 214 Respiratory Control in Exercise 214 Adaptation to High Altitude 217 Review Questions 218 Chapter 14: Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion and Diffusion of Gases 218 Chapter 15: the Mechanics of Breathing 218 Chapter 16: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport and Control of Respiration 219 5 Renal Physiology 221 Section 5 text 221 17 Overview, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Clearance 222 Structure and Overall Function of the Kidneys 222 The Nephron 222 Blood Flow 223 The Glomerulus 224 The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus 225 Renal Plasma Flow 226 Glomerular Filtration: Physical Factors and Starling Forces 226 Glomerular Filtration Rate 229 Renal Clearance 230 Regulation of Renal Hemodynamics 232 18 Renal Transport Processes 234 General Overview of Renal Transport 234 Sodium-Driven Solute Transport 234 Sodium, Chloride, and Water 234 Glucose Transport 236 Bicarbonate Handling 236 Potassium Handling 236 Calcium and Phosphate Transport 240 Calcium Handling 240 Phosphate Handling 240 19 Urine Concentration and Dilution Mechanisms 244 The Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct Cells 244 Urine-Concentrating Mechanism 244 The Medullary Interstitium 244 Medullary Countercurrent Multiplier 244 Concentration of the Urine 247 Dilution of Urine 247 Free Water Clearance 247 20 Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity 251 Intrarenal Regulation of Sodium and Fluid Reabsorption 251 Neurohumoral Control of Renal Sodium Reabsorption 251 Renal Response to Changes in Plasma Volume and Osmolarity 253 21 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance by the Kidneys 257 Control of Extracellular Fluid pH 257 Buffering of Acid 257 Extracellular Buffering 257 Intracellular Buffering 258 HCO3− and H+ Handling through the Renal Tubule 258 HCO3− 258 H+ 258 Renal Mechanisms Contributing to Net Acid Excretion 258 Production of Titratable Acids 259 Ammoniagenesis 259 Net Acid Excretion 260 Urine pH 260 Acidosis and Alkalosis 261 Acidosis 261 Anion Gap 262 Alkalosis 263 Review Questions 265 Chapter 17: Overview, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Clearance 265 Chapter 18: Renal Transport Processes 265 Chapter 19: Urine Concentration and Dilution Mechanisms 266 Chapter 20: Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity 266 Chapter 21: Regulation of Acid-Base Balance by the Kidneys 267 6 Gastrointestinal Physiology 269 Section 6 text 269 22 Overview of the Gastrointestinal Tract 270 Structure and Overall Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract 270 Blood Supply 271 Glandular Secretions 272 Lymphatics 272 General Functions of the GI Tract 272 Thirst and Hunger: Behavioral Responses to Maintain the Milieu Interieur 275 Thirst 275 Appetite and Hunger 275 Fluid Shifts and pH through the Tract 277 The Enteric Nervous System 277 The GI Tract as an Endocrine Organ 278 Gut Microbiota 278 Integrated Regulation of GI Function 278 23 Motility Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 280 Electrical Potentials 280 Interdigestive Housekeeping: The Migrating Myoelectric Complex 281 Site-Specific Propulsion 282 Mouth and Esophagus 282 Stomach 283 Small Intestine 288 Gallbladder 289 Large Intestine (Colon) 289 Defecation and the Rectosphincteric (Defecation) Reflex 290 Regulation of Motility 291 Vomiting and Diarrhea 291 Reflexes 297 24 Gastrointestinal Secretions 300 Salivary Secretion and Regulation 300 Salivary Gland Secretion 300 Production of Saliva 300 Neural Control of Saliva 301 Esophagus 303 Secretions of the Gastric Glands and Regulation of Hydrochloric Acid Secretion 303 The Gastric Glands 303 Secretions from the Cells of the Gastric Glands 304 Production and Regulation of Gastric HCl 305 Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion 307 Secretions From the Small Intestine: Buffers, Enzymes, and Hormones 308 Pancreatic Buffer and Enzyme Secretions 309 Gallbladder Function 310 Colonic Secretions 311 25 Hepatobiliary Function 313 Overview of Liver Functions 313 Liver Structure and Blood Flow 314 Basic Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins 315 Carbohydrates 315 Lipids 317 Proteins 317 Production and Secretion of Bile 317 Basic Endocrine Functions 318 26 Digestion and Absorption 320 Anatomy and Nutrient Absorption 320 Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption 320 Protein Digestion and Absorption 321 Lipid Digestion and Absorption 324 Micelle Formation 324 Intracellular Lipid Processing 324 Electrolyte and Water Absorption 325 Divalent Cation Absorption 327 Calcium 327 Iron 327 Vitamin Absorption 327 Vitamin B12 Absorption 327 Review Questions 330 Chapter 22: Overview of the Gastrointestinal Tract 330 Chapter 23: Motility Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 330 Chapter 24: Gastrointestinal Secretions 331 Chapter 25: Hepatobiliary Function 331 Chapter 26: Digestion and Absorption 332 7 Endocrine Physiology 333 Section 7 text 333 27 General Principles of Endocrinology and Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones 334 Hormone Synthesis 334 Peptide Synthesis 334 Steroid Synthesis 334 Mechanisms of Hormone Action 334 General Endocrine Roles of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 335 Feedback Systems and Receptor Regulation in the Endocrine System 338 Negative Feedback 339 Positive Feedback 340 Receptor Regulation 340 Posterior Pituitary Hormones 340 Antidiuretic Hormone 340 Oxytocin 340 Anterior Pituitary Hormones 341 Growth Hormone 343 Regulation of GH Secretion 343 Effects of GH and IGF-1 343 Prolactin 343 Regulation of Prolactin Secretion 344 Effects of Prolactin 344 28 Thyroid Hormones 348 Structure of the Thyroid Gland 348 Synthesis, Release, and Uptake of Thyroid Hormones 348 Synthesis and Release of Thyroid Hormones 348 Steps in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis 348 Thyroid Hormone Uptake at Target Tissues 350 Actions of Thyroid Hormones 350 29 Adrenal Hormones 355 Adrenal Gland Structure 355 Synthesis and Regulation of Adrenal Cortical Steroid Hormones 355 Actions of Cortisol 356 Metabolic Effects of Glucocorticoids 359 Other Effects of Glucocorticoids 360 Actions of Adrenal Androgens 360 Regulation and Actions of Aldosterone 360 The Adrenal Medulla 360 30 The Endocrine Pancreas 366 Structure of the Pancreas 366 Synthesis, Secretion, and Actions of Insulin 367 Synthesis, Secretion, and Actions of Glucagon 370 Synthesis, Secretion, and Action of Somatostatin 372 31 Calcium-Regulating Hormones 374 Overview of Calcium Homeostasis 374 Main Sites of Calcium Regulation 374 Factors That Alter Plasma Calcium Concentration 374 Synthesis and Actions of Calcium-Regulating Hormones 375 Parathyroid Hormone 375 Synthesis of PTH 375 Actions of PTH 375 Vitamin D 378 Synthesis of Vitamin D 378 Actions of Vitamin D 378 Calcitonin 378 32 Hormones of the Reproductive System 382 Fetal Development of the Reproductive Organs and Differentiation of Genitalia 382 Development of Gonadal Sex 382 Development of Genital Sex 382 Phenotypic Sex 382 Puberty 383 Hormonal Regulation of Puberty 383 The Menstrual Cycle and Female Reproductive Endocrinology 385 Follicular Phase 385 Ovulatory Phase 385 Luteal Phase 385 Implantation and Pregnancy 387 Male Reproductive Endocrinology 390 Endocrine Regulation of Testicular Function 391 Nonreproductive Actions of Testosterone 392 Review Questions 394 Chapter 27: General Principles of Endocrinology and Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones 394 Chapter 28: Thyroid Hormones 394 Chapter 29: Adrenal Hormones 394 Chapter 30: the Endocrine Pancreas 395 Chapter 31: Calcium-Regulating Hormones 395 Chapter 32: Hormones of the Reproductive System 396 Answers 397 Section 1: Cell Physiology, Fluid Homeostasis, and Membrane Transport 397 Section 2: The Nervous System and Muscle 397 Section 3: Cardiovascular Physiology 398 Section 4: Respiratory Physiology 400 Section 5: Renal Physiology 401 Section 6: Gastrointestinal Physiology 402 Section 7: Endocrine Physiology 403 Index 405 A 405 B 406 C 407 D 409 E 409 F 410 G 410 H 411 I 412 J 413 K 413 L 413 M 414 N 415 O 415 P 416 R 417 S 418 T 420 U 421 V 421 W 422 Z 422 Grasp key concepts quickly with the visual, concise, and clinical approach to physiology found in this second edition of Netter's Essential Physiology . Lucid prose combines with classic Netter art, clinical correlations, "light bulb" side notes, end-of-chapter questions, and brand-new videos to ensure a complete understanding of these complex concepts. Logically written and highly readable, it's ideal for a basic understanding of physiology, as an overview of the subject, or as a supplement to lectures. You may also be interested in: Netter's Physiology Flash Cards: ISBN 978-0-323-35954-2 , the companion flash cards to this book. Beautifully clear drawings and diagrams from the Netter collection illustrate key concepts and further your visual understanding of the subject. Self-assessment review questions at the end of each chapter serve to expedite study. Student Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience includes access — on a variety of devices — to the complete text, 8 animations, and new video tutorials. You'll also be able to test your knowledge with additional multiple-choice questions. A brand-new chapter on blood provides increased coverage of immunology. Additional "light bulb" boxes highlight interesting memorable details or examples providing enhanced context. A greater number of clinical correlations integrate pathophysiology into the content. New video tutorials explain difficult concepts and help to reinforce comprehension of the material.

Grasp key concepts quickly with the visual, concise, and clinical approach to physiology found in this second edition of Netter’s Essential Physiology. Lucid prose combines with classic Netter art, clinical correlations, "light bulb" side notes, end-of-chapter questions, and brand-new videos to ensure a complete understanding of these complex concepts. Logically written and highly readable, it's ideal for a basic understanding of physiology, as an overview of the subject, or as a supplement to lectures.

You may also be interested in: Netter’s Physiology Flash Cards: ISBN 978-0-323-35954-2, the companion flash cards to this book.

• Beautifully clear drawings and diagrams from the Netter collection illustrate key concepts and further your visual understanding of the subject.
• Self-assessment review questions at the end of each chapter serve to expedite study.

• A brand-new chapter on blood provides increased coverage of immunology.
• Additional "light bulb" boxes highlight interesting memorable details or examples providing enhanced context.
• A greater number of clinical correlations integrate pathophysiology into the content.