Nitric Oxide Sensing

Although nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological signaling molecule, its free-radical electronic configuration makes it a most reactive molecule and the scariest colorless gas causing immense environmental and health hazards. Detection of NO levels in biological samples and in the atmosphere is therefore crucial. In the past few years, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing many active sensors and effective devices for detecting and quantifying atmospheric NO, NO generated in biological samples, and NO exhaled in the human breath. This book provides a concrete summary of recent state-of-the-art small-molecule probes and novel carbon nanomaterials used for chemical, photoluminescent, and electrochemical NO detection. One chapter is especially dedicated to the available devices used for detecting NO in the human breath that indirectly infers to lung inflammation. The authors with expertise in diverse dimensions have attempted to cover almost all areas of NO sensing. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Small-Molecule and Metal Complexes as Nitric Oxide Sensors 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Nitric Oxide Homeostasis 2.3 Fluorescent Detection Kit for NO Sensors 2.3.1 Different Strategies 2.3.2 Fluorophore Displacement without Metal Reduction 2.3.3 Metal Reduction without Fluorophore Displacement 2.3.4 Metal Reduction with Fluorophore Displacement 2.4 Metal Complexes for NO Sensing 2.4.1 Cobalt Systems 2.4.2 Iron Systems 2.4.3 Reversible NO Sensing by Rhodium Complexes 2.4.4 NO Detection with Ruthenium Complexes 2.4.5 Copper Complex as a NO Sensing Probe 2.4.6 Copper (II) Conjugate Polymer 2.4.7 Copper (II) Anthracyl Cyclam Complex 2.5 Polymer-Based Sensors 2.6 Biomedical Applications 2.7 Conclusion 3. Nitric Oxide Sensing with Carbon Nanomaterials 3.1 Carbon Nanomaterials 3.2 Nitric Oxide Sensing with Carbon Dots 3.3 Nitric Oxide Sensing with Carbon Nanotubes 3.4 Nitric Oxide Sensing with Graphene 3.5 Conclusion 4. Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Detection 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Scope of Electrodes for NO Detection 4.3 NO Detection on Noble Metals and Pt Electrodes 4.4 Biosensors with Modified Electrodes 4.5 Metallocycle-Modified Electrodes 4.6 Nanocomposite Electrodes 4.7 Conclusion 5. Nitric Oxide–Sensing Devices: A Practical Application 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Devices for Exhaled NO Detection 5.2.1 Chemiluminiscence Devices 5.2.2 Electrochemical Devices 5.2.3 Laser-Based Device 5.3 In Vivo NO Measurement Devices 5.4 Conclusions Index