Operating Systems: a concept based approach

After authoring a best-selling text in India, Dhananjay Dhamdhere has written Operating Systems , and it includes precise definitions and clear explanations of fundamental concepts, which makes this text an excellent text for the first course in operating systems. Concepts, techniques, and case studies are well integrated so many design and implementation details look obvious to the student. Exceptionally clear explanations of concepts are offered, and coverage of both fundamentals and such cutting-edge material like encryption and security is included. The numerous case studies are tied firmly to real-world experiences with operating systems that students will likely encounter. Cover Page 1 Title Page 2 Copyright Page 3 Dedication 4 Brief Contents 6 Preface 17 Contents 7 Part 1: Overview 22 Chapter 1: Introduction 26 1.1 Abstract Views of an Operating System 26 1.2 Goals of an OS 29 1.3 Operatin of an OS 31 1.4 Preview of the Book 36 1.5 Summary 43 Test Your Concepts 44 Exercises 44 Bibliography 45 Chapter 2: The OS, the Computer, and User Programs 46 2.1 Fundamental Principles of OS Operation 46 2.2 The Computer 47 2.3 OS Interaction with the Computer and User Programs 60 2.4 Summary 68 Test Your Concepts 69 Exercises 70 Bibliography 70 Chapter 3: Overview of Operating Systems 72 3.1 Computing Environments and Nature of Computations 72 3.2 Classes of Operating Systems 75 3.3 Efficiency, System Performance and User Service 77 3.4 Batch Processing Systems 79 3.5 Multiprogramming Systems 80 3.6 Time-Sharing Systems 86 3.7 Real-Time Operating Systems 89 3.8 Distributed Operating Systems 92 3.9 Modern Operating Systems 94 3.10 Summary 95 Test Your Concepts 96 Exercises 97 Bibliography 99 Chapter 4: Structure of Operating Systems 101 4.1 Operating of an OS 101 4.2 Structure of an Operating System 103 4.3 Operating Systems with Monolithic Sturcture 105 4.4 Layered Design of Operating Systems 106 4.5 Virtual Machine Operating Systems 109 4.6 Kernel-Based Operating Systems 113 4.7 Microkernel-Based Operating Systems 116 4.8 Case Studies 118 4.9 Summary 123 Test Your Concepts 124 Exercises 125 Bibliography 125 Part 2: Process Management 128 Chapter 5: Processes and Threads 132 5.1 Processes and Programs 132 5.2 Implenting Processes 138 5.3 Threads 155 5.4 Case Studies of Processes and Threads 167 5.5 Summary 181 Test Your Concepts 182 Exercises 182 Class Project: Implementing a Shell 183 Bibliography 184 Chapter 6: Process Synchronization 186 6.1 What is Process Synchronization? 186 6.2 Race Conditions 187 6.3 Critical Sections 191 6.4 Control Synchronizatin and Indivisible Operations 193 6.5 Synchronization Approaches 196 6.6 Structure of Concurent Systems 202 6.7 Classic Process Synchronization Problems 204 6.8 Algorithmic Approach to Implementing Critical Sections 211 6.9 Semaphores 218 6.10 Monitors 229 6.11 Case Studies of Process Synchronization 234 6.12 Summary 241 Test Your Concepts 242 Exercises 243 Class Project 1: Interprocess Communication 245 Class Project 2: Disk Scheduler 246 Bibliography 247 Chapter 7: Scheduling 249 7.1 Scheduling Terminology and Concepts 249 7.2 Nonpreemptive Scheduling Polices 254 7.3 Preemptive Scheduling Policies 257 7.4 Scheduling in Practice 263 7.5 Real-Time Scheduling 273 7.6 Case Studies 280 7.7 Performance Analysis of Scheduling Policies 287 7.8 Summary 293 Test Your Concepts 293 Exercises 294 Bibliography 296 Chapter 8: Deadlocks 298 8.1 What is a Deadlock? 298 8.2 Deadlocks in Ressource Allocation 300 8.3 Handling Deadlocks 306 8.4 Deadlock Detection and Resolution 307 8.5 Deadlock Prevention 312 8.6 Deadlock Avoidance 316 8.7 Characterization of Resource Deadlock by Graph Models 322 8.8 Deadlock Handling in Practice 327 8.9 Summary 330 Test Your Concepts 331 Exercises 331 Bibliography 334 Chapter 9: Message Passing 336 9.1 Overview of Message Passing 336 9.2 Implementing Message Passing 341 9.3 Mailboxes 344 9.4 Higher-Level Protocols Using Message Passing 346 9.5 Case Studies in Message Passing 349 9.6 Summary 355 Test Your Concepts 355 Exercises 355 Bibliography 356 Chapter 10: Synchronization and Scheduling in Multiprocessor Operating Systems 357 10.1 Architecture of Multiprocessor Systems 357 10.2 Issues in Multiprocessor Operting Systems 364 10.3 Kernel Structure 366 10.4 Process Synchronization 368 10.5 Process Scheduling 373 10.6 Case Studies 375 10.7 Summary 379 Test Your Concepts 379 Exercises 380 Bibliography 380 Part 3: Memory Management 382 Chapter 11: Memory Management 384 11.1 Managing The Memory Hierarchy 384 11.2 Static and Dynamic Memory Allocation 386 11.3 Execution of Programs 388 11.4 Memory Allocation to a Process 397 11.5 Heap Management 401 11.6 Contiguous Memory Allocation 411 11.7 Noncontiguous Memory Allocation 413 11.8 Paging 417 11.9 Segmentation 419 11.10 Segmentation with Paging 420 11.11 Kernel Memory Allocation 421 11.12 Using Idle Ram Effectively 425 11.13 Summary 426 Test Your Concepts 427 Exercises 428 Bibliography 429 Chapter 12: Virtual Memory 431 12.1 Virtual Memory Basics 431 12.2 Demand Paging 434 12.3 The Virtual Memory Manager 456 12.4 Page Replacement Polocies 459 12.5 Controlling Memory Allocation to a Process 468 12.6 Shared Pages 472 12.7 Memory-Maped Files 475 12.8 Case Studies of Virtual Memory Using Paging 477 12.9 Virtual Memory Using Segmentation 486 12.10 Summary 490 Test Your Concepts 491 Exercises 492 Class Project: Simulation of Virtual Memory Manager 494 Bibliography 495 Part 4: File Systems and I/O Management 498 Chapter 13: File Systems 500 13.1 Overview of File Processing 500 13.2 Files and File Operations 504 13.3 Fundamental Files Organizations and Acces Methods 505 13.4 Directories 509 13.5 Mounting of File Systems 516 13.6 File Protection 518 13.7 Allocation of Disk Space 519 13.8 Interface Between File System and IOCS 524 13.9 File Processing 527 13.10 File Sharing Semantics 531 13.11 File System Realiability 534 13.12 Journaling File System 544 13.13 Virtual File System 545 13.14 Case Studies of File Systems 547 13.15 Performance of File Systems 555 13.16 Summary 558 Test Your Concepts 559 Exercises 560 Bibliography 562 Chapter 14: Implementation of File Operations 564 14.1 Layers of the Imput-Output Control Slystem 564 14.2 Overview of I/O Organization 566 14.3 I/O Devices 568 14.4 Device-Level I/O 587 14.5 The Physical IOCS 590 14.6 Devece Drivers 595 14.7 Disk Scheduling 597 14.8 Buffering of Records 600 14.9 Blocking of Records 605 14.10 Access Methods 608 14.11 Disk and File Caches 609 14.12 Unified Sisk Cache 612 14.13 Case Studies 613 14.14 Summary 620 Test Your Concepts 621 Exercises 622 Bibliography 623 Chapter 15: Security and Protection 626 15.1 Overview of Security and Protection 626 15.2 Security attacks 631 15.3 Formal Aspects of Security 636 15.4 Encryption 638 15.5 Authentical and Password Security 644 15.6 Protection Structures 646 15.7 Capabilities 651 15.8 Classifications of Computer Security 657 15.9 Case Studies in Security and Protection 659 15.10 Summary 664 Test Your Concepts 665 Exercises 665 Bibliography 666 Part 5: Distributed Operating Systems 670 Chapter 16: Distributed Operating Systems 674 16.1 Features of Distributed Systems 674 16.2 Nodes of Distributed Systems 676 16.3 Integrating Operation of Nodes of a Distributed System 677 16.4 Reliable Interprocess Communication 680 16.5 Distributed Computation Paradigms 686 16.6 Networking 693 16.7 Model of a Distributed System 706 16.8 Design Issues of Distributed Operating Systems 708 16.9 Summary 710 Test Your Concepts 711 Exercises 712 Bibliography 712 Chapter 17: Theoretical Issues in Distributed Systems 714 17.1 Notion of Time and Date 714 17.2 States and Events in a Distributed System 715 17.3 Time, Clock, and Event Precedences 716 17.4 Recording the State of a Distributed System 723 17.5 Summary 731 Test Your Concepts 732 Exercises 733 Bibliography 734 Chapter 18: Distributed Control Algorithms 735 18.1 OPERATION OF DISTRIBUTED CONTROL ALGORITHMS 735 18.2 Correctness of Distributed Control Algorithms 738 18.3 Distributed Mutual Exclusion 739 18.4 Distributed Deadlock Handling 744 18.5 Distributed Scheduling Algorithms 749 18.6 Distributed Termination Detection 753 18.7 Electio Algorithms 756 18.8 Practical Issues in Using Distributed Control Algorithms 757 18.9 Summary 760 Test Your Concepts 761 Exercises 761 Bibliography 762 Chapter 19: Recovery and Fault Tolerance 764 19.1 Faults, Failures, and Recovery 764 19.2 Byzantine Faults and Agreement Protocols 768 19.3 Recovery 769 19.4 Fault Tolerance Techniques 771 19.5 Resiliency 775 19.6 Summary 777 Test Your Concepts 778 Exercises 778 Bibliography 779 Chapter 20: Distributed File Systems 781 20.1 Design Issues in Distributed File Systems 781 20.2 Transparency 784 20.3 Semantics of File Sharing 785 20.4 Fault Tolerance 786 20.5 DFS Performance 791 20.6 Case Studies 795 20.7 Summary 802 Test Your Concepts 803 Exercises 804 Bibliography 804 Chapter 21: Distributed System Security 806 21.1 Issues in Distributed System Security 806 21.2 Message Security 809 21.3 Authentics of Data and Messages 816 21.4 Third-Party Authentication 818 21.5 Summary 824 Test Your Concepts 824 Exercises 825 Bibliography 826