Power electronics handbook : devices, circuits, and applications handbook

Power electronics, which is a rapidly growing area in terms of research and applications, uses modern electronics technology to convert electric power from one form to another, such as ac-dc, dc-dc, dc-ac, and ac-ac with a variable output magnitude and frequency. It has many applications in our every day life such as air-conditioners, electric cars, sub-way trains, motor drives, renewable energy sources and power supplies for computers. This book covers all aspects of switching devices, converter circuit topologies, control techniques, analytical methods and some examples of their applications. Designed to appeal to a new generation of engineering professionals, Power Electronics Handbook, 3rd Edition features four new chapters covering renewable energy, energy transmission, energy storage, as well as an introduction to Distributed and Cogeneration (DCG) technology, including gas turbines, gensets, microturbines, wind turbines, variable speed generators, photovoltaics and fuel cells, has been gaining momentum for quite some time now.smart grid technology. With this book readers should be able to provide technical design leadership on assigned power electronics design projects and lead the design from the concept to production involving significant scope and complexity. * Contains 45 chapters covering all aspects of power electronics and its applications * Three new chapters now including coverage Energy Sources, Energy Storage and Electric Power Transmission * Contributions from more than fifty leading experts spanning twelve different countries Preface......Page 3 Contents......Page 5 Power Electronics Defined......Page 15 Key Characteristics......Page 16 Conversion Examples......Page 18 Tools for Analysis and Design......Page 21 References......Page 27 Power Electronics Devices......Page 29 Properties of PN Junction......Page 30 Typical Diode Ratings......Page 32 Series and Parallel Connection of Power Diodes......Page 34 Typical Applications of Diodes......Page 37 Standard Datasheet for Diode Selection......Page 39 References......Page 40 Power Bipolar Transistors......Page 41 Basic Structure and Operation......Page 42 Static Characteristics......Page 43 Dynamic Switching Characteristics......Page 46 Transistor Base Drive Applications......Page 47 SPICE Simulation of Bipolar Junction Transistors......Page 50 BJT Applications......Page 51 Reading......Page 53 Power MOSFET......Page 54 Switching in Power Electronic Circuits......Page 55 General Switching Characteristics......Page 57 The Power MOSFET......Page 61 References......Page 82 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor......Page 83 Basic Structure and Operation......Page 84 Static Characteristics......Page 86 Dynamic Switching Characteristics......Page 88 IGBT Performance Parameters......Page 90 Gate Drive Requirements......Page 92 Circuit Models......Page 94 Applications......Page 97 Reading......Page 99 Thyristors......Page 101 Basic Structure and Operation......Page 102 Static Characteristics......Page 104 Dynamic Switching Characteristics......Page 107 Thyristor Parameters......Page 111 Types of Thyristors......Page 113 Gate Drive Requirements......Page 118 PSpice Model......Page 121 Applications......Page 122 Reading......Page 126 Basic Structure and Operation......Page 127 GTO Thyristor Models......Page 128 Static Characteristics......Page 129 Switching Phases......Page 130 SPICE GTO Model......Page 132 References......Page 133 MOS Controlled Thyristors (MCTs)......Page 134 Equivalent Circuit and Switching Characteristics......Page 135 Comparison of MCT and Other Power Devices......Page 136 Protection of MCTs......Page 137 Base Resistance-controlled Thyristor [14]......Page 138 Applications of PMCT......Page 139 References......Page 141 Theory of Static Induction Devices......Page 143 Characteristics of Static Induction Transistor......Page 144 Bipolar Mode Operation of SI devices (BSIT)......Page 145 Static Induction Diode......Page 147 Static Induction Transistor Logic......Page 148 Static Induction MOS Transistor......Page 149 Power MOS Transistors......Page 150 Static Induction Thyristor......Page 151 Summary......Page 152 References......Page 153 Power Conversion......Page 154 Single-phase Diode Rectifiers......Page 155 Three-phase Diode Rectifiers......Page 160 Poly-phase Diode Rectifiers......Page 165 Filtering Systems in Rectifier Circuits......Page 168 High-frequency Diode Rectifier Circuits......Page 172 Reading......Page 187 Line-commutated Single-phase Controlled Rectifiers......Page 188 Unity Power Factor Single-phase Rectifiers......Page 197 References......Page 208 Line-commutated Controlled Rectifiers......Page 210 Force-commutated Three-phase Controlled Rectifiers......Page 230 Reading......Page 251 DC–DC Converters......Page 253 DC Choppers......Page 254 Step-down (Buck) Converter......Page 255 Step-up (Boost) Converter......Page 258 Buck–Boost Converter......Page 259 ` Cuk Converter......Page 260 Effects of Parasitics......Page 261 Synchronous and Bidirectional Converters......Page 262 Control Principles......Page 263 Applications of DC–DC Converters......Page 266 Reading......Page 267 DC/DC Conversion Technique & Twelve Series Luo-Converters......Page 268 Fundamental, Developed, Transformer-type, and Self-lift Converters......Page 270 Voltage-lift Luo-converters......Page 278 Double Output Luo-converters......Page 291 Super-lift Luo-converters......Page 295 Ultra-lift Luo-converters......Page 306 Multiple-quadrant Operating Luo-converters......Page 308 Switched-capacitor Multi-quadrant Luo-converters......Page 313 Multiple-lift Push–Pull Switched-capacitor Luo-converters......Page 322 Switched-inductor Multi-quadrant Operation Luo-converters......Page 325 Multi-quadrant ZCS Quasi-resonant Luo-converters......Page 330 Multi-quadrant ZVS Quasi-resonant Luo-converters......Page 334 Synchronous-rectifier DC/DC Luo-converters......Page 338 Multiple-element Resonant Power Converters......Page 342 Gate Control Luo-resonator......Page 349 Applications......Page 350 Energy Factor and Mathematical Modeling for Power DC/DC Converters......Page 352 Reading......Page 357 Inverters......Page 360 Single-phase Voltage Source Inverters......Page 362 Three-phase Voltage Source Inverters......Page 370 Current Source Inverters......Page 378 Closed-loop Operation of Inverters......Page 386 Regeneration in Inverters......Page 393 Multistage Inverters......Page 397 Further Reading......Page 409 Effects of PWM-type of Voltage Waveforms......Page 410 Resonant & Soft-switching Converters......Page 412 Resonant Switch......Page 414 Quasi-resonant Converters......Page 415 ZVS in High Frequency Applications......Page 419 Multi-resonant Converters (MRC)......Page 422 Load Resonant Converters......Page 428 Control Circuits for Resonant Converters......Page 432 Extended-period Quasi-resonant (EP-QR) Converters......Page 434 Soft-switching and EMI Suppression......Page 441 Snubbers and Soft-switching for High Power Devices......Page 442 Soft-switching DC–AC Power Inverters......Page 443 References......Page 455 Multilevel Power Converters......Page 457 Multilevel Power Converter Structures......Page 458 Multilevel Converter PWM Modulation Strategies......Page 465 Multilevel Converter Design Example......Page 476 Renewable Energy Interface......Page 484 References......Page 486 AC–AC Converters......Page 489 Single-Phase AC–AC Voltage Controller......Page 490 Three-Phase AC–AC Voltage Controllers......Page 494 Cycloconverters......Page 497 Matrix Converter......Page 509 Applications of AC–AC Converters......Page 516 References......Page 520 Power Factor Correction Circuits......Page 524 Definition of PF and THD......Page 525 Power Factor Correction......Page 527 CCM Shaping Technique......Page 532 DCM Input Technique......Page 537 Summary......Page 545 Reading......Page 546 Gate Drive Circuitry for Power Converters......Page 549 Semiconductor Drive Requirements......Page 550 Gate Drivers for Power Converters......Page 551 Gate Driver Circuit Implementation......Page 555 Current Technologies......Page 559 References......Page 564 General Applications......Page 565 Power Electronics in Capacitor Charging Applications......Page 566 Resonance Charging......Page 567 Switching Converters......Page 569 References......Page 571 Electronic Ballasts......Page 572 High Frequency Supply of Discharge Lamps......Page 578 Discharge Lamp Modeling......Page 582 Resonant Inverters for Electronic Ballasts......Page 585 High-Power Factor Electronic Ballasts......Page 593 Applications......Page 596 References......Page 597 Power Supplies......Page 599 Linear Series Voltage Regulator......Page 601 Linear Shunt Voltage Regulator......Page 604 Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators......Page 606 Switching Regulators......Page 608 Reading......Page 624 Classifications......Page 625 Performance Evaluation......Page 632 Applications......Page 633 Control Techniques......Page 634 Energy Storage Devices......Page 636 Further Reading......Page 638 Automotive Applications of Power Electronics......Page 640 System Environment......Page 641 Functions Enabled by Power Electronics......Page 646 Multiplexed Load Control......Page 649 Electromechanical Power Conversion......Page 651 Dual/High Voltage Automotive Electrical Systems......Page 657 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles......Page 660 References......Page 662 Solid State Pulsed Power Electronics......Page 665 Power Semiconductors for Pulsed Power......Page 666 Load Types and Requirements......Page 677 Solid-State Pulsed Power Topologies......Page 679 Conclusions and Future Trends......Page 699 References......Page 701 Power Generation & Distribution......Page 704 Solar Cell Characteristics......Page 705 Photovoltaic Technology Operation......Page 707 MPPT Controlling Algorithms......Page 709 Photovoltaic Systems’ Components......Page 711 PV System Design......Page 714 References......Page 715 Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Sources......Page 717 Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Power Systems......Page 718 Power Electronics for Wind Power Systems......Page 744 References......Page 758 High-Frequency Inverters......Page 761 Low-Cost Single-Stage Inverter [2]......Page 763 Ripple-Mitigating Inverter [3, 4]......Page 767 Universal Power Conditioner [1]......Page 771 Hybrid-Modulation-Based Multiphase HFL High-Power Inverter [5–8]......Page 779 References......Page 783 Wind Energy Conversion Systems......Page 784 Power Electronic Converters for Variable Speed Wind Turbines......Page 790 Multilevel Converter for Very High Power Wind Turbines......Page 804 Electrical System of a Wind Farm......Page 808 Future Trends......Page 809 Nomenclature......Page 812 References......Page 813 HVDC Transmission......Page 816 Main Components of HVDC Converter Station......Page 822 Controls and Protection......Page 825 MTDC Operation......Page 833 Application......Page 834 Modern Trends......Page 836 HVDC System Simulation Techniques......Page 839 Concluding Remarks......Page 841 References......Page 842 Introduction......Page 843 Ideal Shunt Compensator......Page 844 Ideal Series Compensator......Page 845 Synthesis of FACTS Devices......Page 848 Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-Based HVDC Transmission......Page 865 References......Page 868 Motor Drives......Page 870 Drives Types & Specifications......Page 871 Drives Requirements & Specifications......Page 875 Drive Classifications and Characteristics......Page 877 Load Profiles and Characteristics......Page 883 Variable Speed Drive Topologies......Page 885 PWM-VSI DRIVE......Page 891 Applications......Page 899 Summary......Page 902 Reading......Page 903 Motor Drives......Page 904 DC Motor Drives......Page 906 Induction Motor Drives......Page 912 Synchronous Motor Drives......Page 924 Permanent-magnet AC Synchronous Motor Drives......Page 932 Permanent-magnet Brushless DC Motor Drives......Page 938 Servo Drives......Page 949 Stepper Motor Drives......Page 954 Switched-reluctance Motor Drives......Page 962 Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives......Page 973 Reading......Page 979 Novel AI-based Soft Computing Applications in Motor Drives......Page 981 Single Objective Genetic Optimization Search Algorithm (SOGA)......Page 982 Single Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (SOPSO)......Page 983 Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO)......Page 985 Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (MOPSO)......Page 986 GA and PSO Applications in Speed Control of Motor Drives......Page 988 References......Page 1021 Control......Page 1023 Advanced Control of Switching Power Converters......Page 1024 Switching Power Converter Control Using State-Space Averaged Models......Page 1025 Sliding-Mode Control of Switching Power Converters......Page 1045 Predictive Optimum Control of Switching Power Converters......Page 1088 Fuzzy Logic Control of Switching Power Converters......Page 1093 Conclusions......Page 1098 References......Page 1099 Fuzzy Logic Applications in Electrical Drives and Power Electronics......Page 1101 PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Structure......Page 1102 FNN PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Architecture......Page 1105 Learning Algorithm-Based EKF......Page 1106 Fuzzy PID Control Design-Based Genetic Optimization......Page 1107 Genetic-Based Autotuning of Fuzzy-PID Controller......Page 1110 Fuzzy & H-∞ Control Design......Page 1111 Fuzzy Control Design for Switch-Mode Power Converters......Page 1115 Optimum Topology of the Fuzzy Controller......Page 1117 Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Control System for DC–DC Converters......Page 1119 Reading......Page 1123 ANN Applications in Power Electronics & Electrical Drives......Page 1124 Conventional and Neural Function Approximators......Page 1125 ANN-based Estimation in Induction Motor Drives......Page 1126 ANN-based Controls in Motor Drives......Page 1134 ANN-based Controls in Power Converters......Page 1138 Reading......Page 1139 DSP-based Control of Variable Speed Drives......Page 1140 General Structure of a Three-phase AC Motor Controller......Page 1141 DSP-based Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines......Page 1146 DSP-based Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines......Page 1150 DSP-based Vector Control of Induction Motors......Page 1155 Power Quality & EMI Issues......Page 1162 Power Quality......Page 1163 Power Quality......Page 1164 Reactive Power and Harmonic Compensation......Page 1171 IEEE Standards......Page 1173 Conclusions......Page 1175 Reading......Page 1176 Active Filters......Page 1177 Types of Active Power Filters......Page 1178 Shunt Active Power Filters......Page 1179 Series Active Power Filters......Page 1195 Hybrid Active Power Filters......Page 1204 Reading......Page 1211 Power Converters as Sources of EMI......Page 1213 Measurements of Conducted EMI......Page 1216 EMI Filters......Page 1218 Random Pulse Width Modulation......Page 1223 Other Means of Noise Suppression......Page 1225 EMC Standards......Page 1227 References......Page 1228 Simulation & Packaging......Page 1230 Use of Simulation Tools for Design and Analysis......Page 1231 Simulation of Power Electronics Circuits with PSpice......Page 1232 Simulations of Power Electronic Circuits and Electric Machines......Page 1238 Simulations of AC Induction Machines Using Field Oriented (Vector) Control......Page 1241 Simulation of Sensorless Vector Control Using PSpice......Page 1245 Simulations Using Simplorer......Page 1251 Conclusions......Page 1254 References......Page 1255 Packaging and Smart Power Systems......Page 1256 Functional Integration......Page 1257 Assessing Partitioning Technologies......Page 1258 Cost-driven Partitioning [5]......Page 1262 Technology-driven Partitioning......Page 1263 Example 2.2 kW Motor Drive Design......Page 1264 High Temperature (HT) Packaging [6]......Page 1266 Reading......Page 1267 Energy Sources, Storage & Transmission......Page 1268 Energy Sources......Page 1269 Available Energy Sources......Page 1274 Electric Energy Generation Technologies......Page 1276 Conclusions......Page 1303 References......Page 1304 Energy Storage Elements......Page 1311 Modeling of Energy Storage Devices......Page 1315 Hybridization of Energy Storage Systems......Page 1321 Energy Management and Control Strategies......Page 1323 Power Electronics for Energy Storage Systems......Page 1325 Practical Case Studies......Page 1328 References......Page 1335 Generators and Transformers......Page 1337 Transmission Line......Page 1339 Factors That Limit Power Transfer in Transmission Line......Page 1340 Effect of Temperature on Conductor Sag or Tension......Page 1343 Optimizing Power Transmission Capacity......Page 1346 Overvoltages and Insulation Requirements of Transmission Lines......Page 1350 Methods of Controlling Overvoltages......Page 1352 Insulation Coordination......Page 1353 References......Page 1354 Index......Page 1355

Power electronics, which is a rapidly growing area in terms of research and applications, uses modern electronics technology to convert electric power from one form to another, such as ac-dc, dc-dc, dc-ac, and ac-ac with a variable output magnitude and frequency. It has many applications in our every day life such as air-conditioners, electric cars, sub-way trains, motor drives, renewable energy sources and power supplies for computers. This book covers all aspects of switching devices, converter circuit topologies, control techniques, analytical methods and some examples of their applications.

Designed to appeal to a new generation of engineering professionals, Power Electronics Handbook, 3rd Edition features four new chapters covering renewable energy, energy transmission, energy storage, as well as an introduction to Distributed and Cogeneration (DCG) technology, including gas turbines, gensets, microturbines, wind turbines, variable speed generators, photovoltaics and fuel cells, has been gaining momentum for quite some time now.smart grid technology. With this book readers should be able to provide technical design leadership on assigned power electronics design projects and lead the design from the concept to production involving significant scope and complexity.

• Contains 45 chapters covering all aspects of power electronics and its applications
• Three new chapters now including coverage Energy Sources, Energy Storage and Electric Power Transmission
• Contributions from more than fifty leading experts spanning twelve different countries

"Designed to appeal to a new generation of engineering professionals, Power Electronics Handbook, 3rd Edition features four new chapters covering renewable energy, energy transmission, energy storage, as well as an introduction to Distributed and Cogeneration (DCG) technology, including gas turbines, gensets, microturbines, wind turbines, variable speed generators, photovoltaics and fuel cells, has been gaining momentum for quite some time now.smart grid technology. With this book readers should be able to provide technical design leadership on assigned power electronics design projects and lead the design from the concept to production involving significant scope and complexity"-- Provided by publisher