Controversies over how to manage health and environmental risks are among the most bitter disagreements in contemporary society. Trying to determine what is in the public interest is at the heart of these disagreements, but the core concerns of major sectors industry, governments, and voluntary associations are also at stake. In Canada and elsewhere, defusing the controversies and finding solutions acceptable to all parties have met with little success. Risk and Responsibility attempts to explain why this is so and what might be done about it. William Leiss and Christina Chociolko explain that controversies arise in part because many participants try to avoid assuming full responsibility for the consequences of the risk-taking they advocate. For example, one can indulge in the pleasure of nicotine addiction despite an awareness of the health risks and count on a publicly funded health care system to assume the responsibility for dealing with the resulting illnesses. They provide detailed case studies of the controversies over the effects of exposure to power frequency electric and magnetic fields and to the chemical pesticides alar and antisapstains. Shorter studies of exposure to tobacco, formaldehyde, and the pesticide alachlor are also presented. The authors address the difficulties of arriving at reliable scientific estimates of risk in such controversial areas, and the impact of this uncertainty on disagreements among different interest groups over how to manage those risks responsibly. In conclusion they attempt to delineate conditions under which consensus on the assessment and management of environmental health risks might be achieved among a wide range of interest groups. Risk and Responsibility will be of specific interest to policymakers and analysts, activists, and environmentalists, and of general interest to those working in relevant industries and members of the legal profession. Contents Tables and Figures Acknowledgments Preface Abbreviations 1 Introduction: The Trouble with Risk PART ONE: THE ROOTS OF DISAGREEMENT 2 Managing Risks 3 Apportioning Responsibility PART TWO: OBSTACLES TO CONSENSUS: TWO SEEMINGLY INTRACTABLE CONTROVERSIES 4 Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Part One: Expert Assessment 5 Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Part Two: A Public Controversy 6 Alar, or Who Benefits? PART THREE: TOWARDS CONSENSUS 7 Stakeholder Negotiation 8 Antisapstain Chemicals 9 Useful Lessons Appendix 1: PF E/MF and Human Health: Basic Concepts Appendix 2: Antisapstain Chemicals – Stakeholder Negotiation Documents Notes Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z This work looks at the controversies over how to manage health and environmental risks.
