Technical Landfills and Waste Management: Volume 1: Landfill Impacts, Characterization and Valorisation (Springer Water)

A "zero waste" society and the "circular economy" trend are urgently needed. Even if achieving 100% trash recycling and a fully circular economy may not always be attainable, aiming toward this goal might result in a sustainable future. Municipal solid wastes pose a hazard to the environment because of open burning, landfills, reckless disposal, and many other factors. Waste is being thrown away in more significant quantities and is made up of several different materials. Municipal solid waste (MSW) characteristics must be carefully considered when developing, implementing, or modifying solid waste management systems. Local waste variables that vary with cultural, climatic, socioeconomic, and institutional capacities are crucial for developing efficient waste management techniques. This book provides a comprehensive overview of landfills' situation, their categories, and the types of garbage they receive. The final section of the study provides an overview of prospective waste management techniques, their restrictions, and the potential areas for further research on landfill sites. This book has the advantage that world-class experts in their respective fields have written each chapter. As a result, this book presents a balanced picture across the whole spectrum of chapters on municipal solid wastes. Preface Contents Contributors 1 Electrical and Electromagnetic Prospecting for the Characterization of Municipal Waste Landfills: A Review 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electrical and Electromagnetic Prospecting Applied to MSW Landfills 1.2.1 Electrical Methods 1.2.2 Electromagnetic Methods (EM) 1.3 Novel Trends and Applications 1.3.1 Petrophysical Parameters 1.3.2 Advanced Inversion Strategies 1.3.3 Machine Learning-Based Approaches 1.4 Conclusions References 2 Characteristics and Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management Definitions, Importance, and Emerging Challenges 2.2 An Overview of Integrated Solid Waste Management 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Waste Generation 2.2.3 Source Reduction of Waste (Quantity and Toxicity) 2.2.4 Reuse of Discards 2.2.5 Source Separation of Discarded Materials 2.2.6 Temporary Storage 2.2.7 Waste Collection 2.2.8 Waste Transfer and Transportation 2.2.9 Recycling 2.2.10 Composting 2.2.11 Waste Incineration for Energy Recovery 2.2.12 Land Disposal of Residuals (Landfilling) 2.2.13 Waste Incineration Without Energy Recovery 2.3 Impacts of MSW Management 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Some Disasters Caused by Improper Management of MSW in the World 2.3.3 Undesirable Effects of Improper MSW Management 2.4 Characteristics of Waste 2.4.1 Waste Quantity 2.4.2 Physical Composition of Waste 2.4.3 Density or Specific Weight of Solid Waste 2.4.4 Particle Size Distribution of Waste 2.4.5 Heating Value 2.4.6 Moisture Content 2.4.7 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Bibliography 3 Characteristics and Impact Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Characteristics of MSW 3.3 Potential MSW Contaminants 3.4 Conceptual Site Model 3.5 Impacts on Air 3.6 Impacts on Soil 3.7 Impacts on Water 3.8 Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment 3.8.1 Geo-Accumulation Index 3.8.2 Contamination Factor 3.8.3 Enrichment Factor 3.8.4 Ecological Risk Assessment 3.8.5 Pollution Load Index 3.9 Health Risk Assessment 3.10 Conclusion References 4 Characteristics and Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): A Review 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Information About MSW 4.3 Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste 4.3.1 Physical Characteristics 4.3.2 Chemical Characteristics 4.3.3 Biological Characteristics 4.4 Environmental Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste 4.4.1 Land Pollution 4.4.2 Air Pollution 4.4.3 Water Pollution 4.4.4 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 4.4.5 Ecological Consequences 4.5 Health and Social Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste 4.6 Waste Management Strategies and Technologies 4.6.1 Waste Minimization and Source Reduction 4.6.2 Recycling and Material Recovery 4.6.3 Composting and Organic Waste Management 4.6.4 Waste-to-Energy Conversion 4.6.5 Landfilling and Final Disposal 4.7 Advancements in Municipal Solid Waste Management: Innovative Approaches and Future Directions 4.8 Conclusions References 5 An Overview on Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Its Impacts on Environment and Human Health 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Municipal Solid Waste 5.3 Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rate 5.4 Sources and Classification of Municipal Solid Waste 5.5 Characteristics and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste 5.6 Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste on Environment 5.7 Impacts of Municipal Solid Waste on Human Health 5.8 Municipal Solid Waste Management 5.9 Conclusion References 6 Landfills in Developing Economies: Drivers, Challenges, and Sustainable Solutions 6.1 Some Statistics About MSW Worldwide 6.2 A Brief History of Landfills 6.3 Key Factors for the Proliferation of Landfills 6.4 Challenges in Eradicating Landfills in Developing Countries 6.5 Strategies to Reduce Landfill Usage in Developing Countries: Navigating Economic and Social Realities 6.6 Final Thoughts References 7 The Environmental Pressure by Open Dumpsites and Way Forward 7.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management 7.1.1 Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Using Open Dumpsites 7.2 Environmental Impacts of Open Dumpsites 7.2.1 Environment Pollution by Landfill Leachate 7.2.2 Air Pollution from Dumpsites 7.2.3 Landfill Collapses—“Dumpslides” 7.2.4 Emerging Contaminants 7.2.5 Pathogens 7.3 Way Forward 7.3.1 Leachate Treatment and Reuse 7.3.2 Resource Recovery 7.3.3 Conversion of Open Dumpsites into Sanitary Landfills 7.3.4 Waste to Wealth 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Assessing Two Sanitary Landfills in the West Bank of Palestine: Current Situation and Future Obstacles 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Landfills and Their Impacts 8.1.2 Landfills Planning, Main Components, and Monitoring 8.1.3 Background About the Two Main Palestinian Sanitary Landfills in the West Bank 8.2 Research Methodology 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Waste Streams, Composition and Recycling Activities for the Two Sanitary Landfills 8.3.2 Technical Challenges at the Two SLFs 8.3.3 Environmental and Health Impacts of the Two Landfills 8.4 Conclusions and Recommendations References 9 Industrial Solid Wastes and Environment: An Overview on Global Generation, Implications, and Available Management Options 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Global Generation Scenario of Different Types of Industrial Waste 9.3 Environmental Impacts of Industrial Waste 9.4 Health Implications of Industrial Waste 9.5 Available Treatment and Disposal Methods for Industrial Wastes 9.5.1 Treatment Methods in Industrial Waste Management 9.5.2 Available Disposal Methods in Industrial Waste Management 9.6 Conclusion References 10 Micro/Nanoplastics Pollution from Landfill Sites: A Comprehensive Review on the Formation, Distribution, Effects and Potential Mitigation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Formation of Microplastics (MPs) in Landfills Environment 10.3 Distribution of Microplastics (MPs) in Landfill Environments 10.4 Detection of Microplastics (MPs) in Landfill Environments 10.5 Type of Microplastic Polymers in a Landfill Environment 10.6 Environmental Impact and Health Risk of Microplastics (MPs) 10.6.1 Environmental Impact 10.6.2 Health Risk 10.7 Removal and Mitigation Strategies of Microplastics (MPs) 10.7.1 Biotechnology 10.7.2 Physical and Chemical Treatment Technology 10.7.3 Land Treatment Technology 10.7.4 Mitigation Approaches 10.8 Conclusions References