Traffic and granular flow '07 with 29 tables

This book covers several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Three main topics are treated: road traffic, granular matter, and biological transport. Different points of view, i.e. modelling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations, are considered. Sub-topics include: highway or urban vehicular traffic (dynamics of traffic, macro/micro modelling, measurements, data analysis, security issues, psychological issues), pedestrian traffic, animal traffic (e.g. social insects), collective motion in biological systems (molecular motors...), granular flow (dense flows, intermittent flows, solid/liquid transition, jamming, force networks, fluid and solid friction), networks (biological networks, urban traffic, the internet, vulnerability of networks, optimal transport networks) and cellular automata applied to the various aforementioned fields. Front Matter....Pages I-XVI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Modelling of Traffic Flow from an Engineer’s Perspective....Pages 3-17 Cellular Automaton Approach to Highway Traffic: What do we Know?....Pages 19-34 Replications in Stochastic Traffic Flow Models: Incremental Method to Determine Sufficient Number of Runs....Pages 35-44 Capacity and Capacity Drop of a Revolving Door....Pages 45-54 Risk Index Modeling for Real-Time Motorway Traffic Crash Prediction....Pages 55-64 Colliding Particles: Beyond Accident-Free Car Following Models....Pages 65-84 Dynamic First-Order Modeling of Phase-Transition Probabilities....Pages 85-92 Traffic Dynamics on a Rotary....Pages 93-103 Effect of Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles on Phase Transition in a Mixture with Manual Vehicles....Pages 105-115 Calibration of Car-Following Models Using Floating Car Data....Pages 117-127 A Queueing Theory Approach for a Multi-Speed Exclusion Process....Pages 129-138 A Stochastic Macroscopic Traffic Model Devoid of Diffusion....Pages 139-150 A Multiclass Car-Following Rule Based on the LWR Model....Pages 151-160 A Cross Entropy Based Multi-Agent Approach to Traffic Assignment Problems....Pages 161-170 Handling of Contacts in Crowd Motion Simulations....Pages 171-180 Optimal Velocity Model Via Considering Multi-Velocity Difference Ahead....Pages 181-188 Empirical Data for Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks....Pages 189-199 Modeling Synchronized Flow at Highway Bottlenecks....Pages 201-210 Modeling Lane-Changing Decisions with MOBIL....Pages 211-221 Kinetic Derivation for a Traffic Flow Model....Pages 223-231 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Qualitative Change of Car-Following Behavior Observed in Real Traffic....Pages 233-243 Phase Transition Induced by Homogeneous Initial Distribution of Cars....Pages 245-251 Similarity Between Temporal and Spatial Structures in Pattern Formation of Dissipative Non-Equilibrium System....Pages 253-258 Pattern Formation in Traffic Microscopic Model....Pages 259-264 Stability of Flow on a Ring with Three Links....Pages 265-272 Improving Pedestrian Micro-Simulations with Event Steps....Pages 273-280 Road Traffic Models Using Petri Nets and Minplus Algebra....Pages 281-286 Vehicular Traffic Flow at a Non-Signalised Intersection....Pages 287-292 Traffic Anticipation Effect in the Lattice Hydrodynamic Model....Pages 293-299 Is the Nearest Neighbor Distribution Enough to Describe the Statistical Behavior of a Domain System?....Pages 301-306 Statistical Properties of Disordered Driven Lattice Gases with Open Boundaries....Pages 307-313 Control of Traffic Congestion in the Modified Coupled Map Car-Following Model Based on Intelligent Transportation System....Pages 315-320 Generic Driving Behavior Modeling by Differential Game Theory....Pages 321-331 A Model for City Traffic....Pages 333-338 Traffic Behaviors of Mixed Bicycle System in the Multi-Value Cellular Automata Model....Pages 339-350 Empirical Differences Between Time Mean Speed and Space Mean Speed....Pages 351-356 Anisotropy and Stabilization of Traffic Flow in Extended Cooperative Driving Lattice Hydrodynamic Models Based on Backward-Looking Effect....Pages 357-363 Complex Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow in the Deep Lefortovo Tunnel (Moscow)....Pages 365-371 Three-Frame Algorithm of Car Path Reconstruction from Airborne Traffic Data....Pages 373-379 Vehicular Motion and Traffic Breakdown: Evaluation of Energy Balance....Pages 381-387 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Detailed Data of Traffic Jam Experiment....Pages 389-394 Prediction Accuracy of Evacuation Times for High-Rise Buildings and Simple Geometries by Using Different Software-Tools....Pages 395-400 Statistical Approach to Traffic Flow....Pages 401-406 A Public Conveyance Model and Analysis on Clustering of Vehicles....Pages 407-412 Modelling and Simulating Several Time-Delay Mechanisms in Human and Automated Driving....Pages 413-419 Multi-Class First Order Traffic Flow Modeling....Pages 421-426 Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Traffic Flow....Pages 427-433 Phase Transitions and Even/Odd Effects in Asymmetric Exclusion Models....Pages 435-440 Simulation and Mean Field Analysis on Pedestrian Dynamics Around an Exit....Pages 441-446 A Density-Dependent NaSch Model for Traffic Flow Controlled by a Traffic Light....Pages 447-452 Front Matter....Pages 453-453 Large-Scale Collective Behavior of Swimming Microorganisms at High Concentrations....Pages 455-470 Flow and Jamming of Granular Matter Through an Orifice....Pages 471-486 A Fluctuating Energy Model for Dense Granular Flows....Pages 487-496 Influence of Particle Shape on Shear Stress in Granular Media....Pages 497-505 Motion of an Intruder Through a Two Dimensional Disordered Granular Medium....Pages 507-516 Silo Collapse: An Experimental Study....Pages 517-523 Rough Cylindrical Object Immersed in a Granular Stream of Hard Disks....Pages 525-533 Stability and Jamming Transition in Hard Granular Materials: Algebraic Graph Theory....Pages 535-544 Vertical Granular Transport in a Vibrated U-Tube....Pages 545-554 Dynamics of Dissipative System with Asymmetric Interaction and N -Body Problem for the Emergence of Moving Cluster....Pages 555-563 Front Matter....Pages 453-453 Leidenfrost Granular Flows....Pages 565-576 Granular Rayleigh-Taylor Instability....Pages 577-586 Morphology of Polydisperse Granular Media....Pages 587-596 Kinetic Energy Fluctuations and Diffusivity in a 2D Vibrated Granular Packing....Pages 597-602 Modelling and Simulation of a Maze-Forming Process in Granular-Fluid Systems....Pages 603-608 Description of Wire-Reinforced Geomaterials by Numerical Discrete Experiments....Pages 609-614 Granular Flow Under the Action of Centrifugal Force: A Critical Dynamic Friction Coefficient....Pages 615-620 Interfacial Instability of a Confined Suspension Under Oscillating Shear....Pages 621-627 Pattern Formation in Slowly Drained Granular-Fluid Systems....Pages 629-634 Emerging Stripe Patterns in Drying Suspension Droplets....Pages 635-639 Behaviour of Railway Ballast Under Cycling Loading....Pages 641-646 Penetration of a Projectile by Impact into a Granular Medium....Pages 647-652 Rheological Transition in Granular Media....Pages 653-658 Stress Transmission in a Multi-Phase Granular Packing....Pages 659-664 Front Matter....Pages 665-665 Non-Equilibrium Collective Transport on Molecular Highways....Pages 667-677 Traffic of Molecular Motors: From Theory to Experiments....Pages 679-688 Numerical Investigations on Coupling of Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Zero Range Process....Pages 689-694 Traffic by Small Teams of Molecular Motors....Pages 695-700 Traffic Flow on Ant Trails: Empirical Results vs. Theoretical Predictions....Pages 701-706 Front Matter....Pages 707-707 Modeling Metropolis Public Transport....Pages 709-719 Front Matter....Pages 707-707 Attack Vulnerability of Public Transport Networks....Pages 721-731 Traffic Dynamics Based on Local Routing Strategy in a Weighted Scale-Free Network....Pages 733-738 Performance Evaluation of VANET Under Realistic Vehicular Traffic Assumption....Pages 739-744 Packet Flow and its Temporal Properties in the Internet....Pages 745-750