Traffic and Granular Flow '13

This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike, and addresses the latest developments at the intersection of physics, engineering and computational science. These involve complex systems, in which multiple simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic; granular matter; biological transport; transport networks; data acquisition; data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e., modeling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations are considered. ℗ℓ ℗ℓ Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Modeling of Pedestrians....Pages 3-12 Generic Instability at the Crossing of Pedestrian Flows....Pages 13-20 Crowd Flow Modeling of Athletes in Mass Sports Events: A Macroscopic Approach....Pages 21-29 Pedestrian Evacuation Optimization Dynamic Programming in Continuous Space and Time....Pages 31-40 Generalized Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram for Pedestrian Flows....Pages 41-46 Pedestrian Route Choice by Iterated Equilibrium Search....Pages 47-54 How Navigation According to a Distance Function Improves Pedestrian Motion in ODE-Based Models....Pages 55-62 Implementation Issues of Force Based Pedestrian Motion Models....Pages 63-71 Using Bluetooth to Estimate the Impact of Congestion on Pedestrian Route Choice at Train Stations....Pages 73-82 Empirical Investigation on Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics and Grouping....Pages 83-91 Experimental Analysis of Two-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow in Front of the Bottleneck....Pages 93-101 Simulation of Crowd-Quakes with Heterogeneous Contact Model....Pages 103-110 New Definition and Analysis of Spatial-Headway in Two-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow....Pages 111-119 On the Validation of a Discrete-Continuous Model with Bottleneck Flow and Computational Artifacts....Pages 121-128 Dynamic Data–Driven Simulation of Pedestrian Movement with Automatic Validation....Pages 129-136 Crowd Research at School: Crossing Flows....Pages 137-144 Stair Evacuation Simulation Based on Cellular Automata Model Considering Social Forces....Pages 145-153 Simulation of Building Evacuation Considering Information Flow....Pages 155-161 Effects of an Obstacle Position for Pedestrian Evacuation: SF Model Approach....Pages 163-170 Realistic Stride Length Adaptation in the Optimal Steps Model....Pages 171-178 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 A Discrete Spheropolygon Model for Calculation of Stress in Crowd Dynamics....Pages 179-186 Pedestrian Behavior Analysis in Crowds Using Image-Based Methods....Pages 187-194 Dynamic Structure in Pedestrian Evacuation: Image Processing Approach....Pages 195-201 Human-Ant Behavior in Evacuation Dynamics....Pages 203-211 Escape Velocity of the Leader in a Queue of Pedestrians....Pages 213-218 Experimental Study on the Interaction Mechanism of Cross-Walking Pedestrians....Pages 219-226 Inflow Process: A Counterpart of Evacuation....Pages 227-231 Mobility Modelling in a Process Constrained Environment: Modelling the Movements of Nurses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit....Pages 233-241 From Drivers to Athletes: Modeling and Simulating Cross-Country Skiing Marathons....Pages 243-249 Quantitative Estimation of Self-Organization in Bi-directional and Crossing Flows During Crowd Movements....Pages 251-256 An Expanded Concept of the “Borrowed Time” in Pedestrian Dynamics Simulations....Pages 257-263 Measuring Disaster Preparedness of UK Cities from Open Spatial Databases....Pages 265-271 Heterogeneous Pedestrian Walking Speed in Discrete Simulation Models....Pages 273-279 Stochastic Headway Dependent Velocity Model and Phase Separation in Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 281-289 Simulation of Merging Pedestrian Streams at T-Junctions: Comparison of Density Definitions....Pages 291-298 Exclusive Queueing Process: The Dynamics of Waiting in Line....Pages 299-304 Air Traffic, Boarding and Scaling Exponents....Pages 305-314 Front Matter....Pages 315-315 Time Evolution of Road Networks....Pages 317-337 Spatio-Temporal Traffic Pattern Recognition Based on Probe Vehicles....Pages 339-346 From Random Walker to Vehicular Traffic: Motion on a Circle....Pages 347-359 Front Matter....Pages 315-315 Different Approaches to the Multilane Traffic Simulation....Pages 361-368 Empirical and Theoretical Fundamentals for Reliable Control and Optimization of Vehicular Traffic and Transportation Networks....Pages 369-377 Simulation Model for Traffic Using Network Fundamental Diagrams....Pages 379-384 A Model of Car-Following Behavior at Sags....Pages 385-393 Multi-anticipative Car-Following Behaviour: Macroscopic Modeling....Pages 395-405 A Simple Statistical Method for Reproducing the Highway Traffic....Pages 407-414 Controlling of Vehicular Traffic Flow at an Intersection Via Two Schemes of Traffic Lights....Pages 415-421 Equation-Free Analysis of Macroscopic Behavior in Traffic and Pedestrian Flow....Pages 423-439 Dynamical Systems on Honeycombs....Pages 441-452 Local Stability Conditions and Calibrating Procedure for New Car-Following Models Used in Driving Simulators....Pages 453-461 Physically Bounded Solution for a Conserved Higher-Order Traffic Flow Model....Pages 463-470 A Review of Cellular Automata Model for Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions....Pages 471-478 A Demonstration Experiment of a Theory of Jam-Absorption Driving....Pages 479-483 Generic First-Order Car-Following Models with Stop-and-Go Waves and Exclusion....Pages 485-493 Influence of Velocity Variance of a Single Particle on Cellular Automaton Models....Pages 495-503 Critical Density of Experimental Traffic Jam....Pages 505-511 Weather and Road Geometry Impact on Acceleration Behavior: Experimental Set-Up and Data Collection Using a Driving Simulator....Pages 513-523 The Stability Analysis of a Macroscopic Traffic Flow Model with Two-Classes of Drivers....Pages 525-531 Driver Heterogeneity in Rubbernecking Behaviour at an Incident Site....Pages 533-539 Why Does Traffic Jam Acts Universally?....Pages 541-547 Front Matter....Pages 315-315 Stability and Homogenization of the Optimal Velocity Model....Pages 549-555 Statistical Analysis of High-Flow Traffic States....Pages 557-562 Simulations of Synchronized Flow in TomTom Vehicle Data in Urban Traffic with the Kerner-Klenov Model in the Framework of the Three-Phase Traffic Theory....Pages 563-569 Relation Between Longitudinal and Lateral Action Points....Pages 571-576 Applications of the Generalized Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram....Pages 577-583 Network Fundamental Diagrams and Their Dependence on Network Topology....Pages 585-590 A Simple Cellular Automaton Model with Limited Braking Rule....Pages 591-597 Front Matter....Pages 599-599 Diffusive Transport on Directed Random Networks....Pages 601-607 Stochastic Modeling of Cargo Transport by Teams of Molecular Motors....Pages 609-617 Molecular Motors with a Stepping Cycle: From Theory to Experiments....Pages 619-627 Correlation Functions and Finite–Size Effects in Granular Media....Pages 629-635 This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike, and addresses the latest developments at the intersection of physics, engineering and computational science. These involve complex systems, in which multiple simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic; granular matter; biological transport; transport networks; data acquisition; data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e., modeling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations are considered. ℗l ℗l