Abnormal psychology : global edition

For courses in Abnormal Psychology The most authoritative and comprehensive text in Abnormal Psychology, now with DSM-5 coverage throughout. The esteemed author team of Jim Butcher, Jill Hooley, and Sue Mineka offers students the most thoroughly researched, engaging, and up-to-date explanation of psychopathology, creating a learning experience that provokes thought and increases awareness. By adopting a comprehensive bio-psycho-social perspective, this text takes students to levels of understanding that other books do not offer. The sixteenth edition of Abnormal Psychology reflects the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Hundreds of new references have been added to reflect the ever-changing field of abnormal psychology. This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience – for you and your students. Abnormal Psychology:· Explores Research – The authors present their diverse research interests in an exciting way that provokes thought and increase awareness.· Improves Critical Thinking – Review questions at the end of major sections within the chapters provide opportunities for self-assessment and reinforce learning. · Engages Students – Most chapters begin with a Case Study to engage students'attention right from the outset.· Supports Instructors – A full set of supplements, including the available MyPsychLab, provides instructors with all the resources and support they need. MyPsychLab not included. Students, if MyPsychLab is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MyPsychLab is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.MyPsychLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product designed to personalize learning and improve results. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts. Cover 1 Title 2 Copyright 3 Contents 5 Features 13 Preface 16 About the Authors 20 1 Introduction to Abnormal Psychology 22 What Do We Mean by Abnormality? 24 The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder 26 the WORLD around us Extreme Generosity or Pathological Behavior? 27 Why Do We Need to Classify Mental Disorders? 28 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: What Is the DSM and Why Was It Revised? 28 What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? 29 How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill? 29 the WORLD around us Mad, Sick, Head Nuh Good: Mental Illness and Stigma in Jamaica 30 How Does Culture Affect What Is Considered Abnormal? 31 Culture-Specific Disorders 32 How Common Are Mental Disorders? 33 Prevalence and Incidence 33 Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders 33 Treatment 34 Mental Health Professionals 35 Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology 35 Sources of Information 36 Case Studies 36 Self-Report Data 36 Observational Approaches 37 Forming and Testing Hypotheses 38 Sampling and Generalization 38 Internal and External Validity 39 Criterion and Comparison Groups 39 Research Designs 40 Studying the World as It Is: Correlational Research Designs 40 Measuring Correlation 40 Statistical Significance 40 Effect Size 41 Meta-Analysis 42 Correlations and Causality 42 Retrospective Versus Prospective Strategies 42 Manipulating Variables: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology 43 Studying the Efficacy of Therapy 43 Single-Case Experimental Designs 44 developments in RESEARCH: Do Magnets Help with Repetitive-Stress Injury? 45 Animal Research 46 UNRESOLVED issues Are We All Becoming Mentally Ill? The Expanding Horizons of Mental Disorder 47 summary 48 key terms 48 2 Views of Abnormal Behavior: Then and Now 49 Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior 50 Demonology, Gods, and Magic 50 Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts 51 developments in THINKING: Melancholia Through the Ages 52 Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness 52 Later Greek and Roman Thought 53 Early Views of Mental Disorders in China 53 Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages 54 Toward Humanitarian Approaches 56 The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe 56 The Establishment of Early Asylums 56 Humanitarian Reform 57 Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders 61 Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century 61 the WORLD around us Chaining Mental Health Patients 62 Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century 62 The Emergence of Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior 64 Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder 64 The Development of a Classification System 65 Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder 65 developments in RESEARCH: The Search for Medications to Cure Mental Disorders 66 The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology 68 UNRESOLVED issues Interpreting Historical Events 72 summary 73 key terms 74 3 Abnormal Behavior: Causes, Viewpoints, and Perspectives 75 Causes and Risk Factors for Abnormal Behavior 76 Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes 76 Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior 77 Diathesis-Stress Models 78 Viewpoints for Understanding the Causesof Abnormal Behavior 80 The Biological Viewpoint and Biological Causal Factors 81 Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones 81 Genetic Vulnerabilities 84 developments in THINKING: Nature, Nurture, and Psychopathology: A New Look at an Old Topic 87 Temperament 88 Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity 89 The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint 90 The Psychological Viewpoints 91 The Psychodynamic Perspectives 91 The Behavioral Perspective 96 developments in THINKING: The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives 98 The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective 100 What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do 103 Psychological Causal Factors 104 Early Deprivation or Trauma 104 Inadequate Parenting Styles 107 Marital Discord and Divorce 109 Maladaptive Peer Relationships 110 The Sociocultural Viewpoint 112 Uncovering Sociocultural Factors Through Cross-Cultural Studies 112 Sociocultural Causal Factors 114 Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment 115 Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity 115 the WORLD around us Culture and Attachment Relationships 116 Social Change and Uncertainty 117 Urban Stressors: Violence and Homelessness 117 The Impact of the Sociocultural Viewpoint 117 UNRESOLVED issues Theoretical Viewpoints and the Causes of Abnormal Behavior 118 summary 119 key terms 120 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis 121 The Basic Elements in Assessment 122 The Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis 123 Taking a Social or Behavioral History 123 Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures 124 The Influence of Professional Orientation 124 Reliability, Validity, and Standardization 125 Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client 125 Assessment of the Physical Organism 126 The General Physical Examination 126 The Neurological Examination 126 The Neuropsychological Examination 128 Psychosocial Assessment 129 Assessment Interviews 129 The Clinical Observation of Behavior 130 Psychological Tests 131 developments in PRACTICE: The Automated Practice: Use of the Computerin Psychological Testing 132 The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace 138 developments in PRaCTiCE: Computer-Based MMPI-2 Report for Andrea C. 139 The Integration of Assessment Data 141 Ethical Issues in Assessment 141 Classifying Abnormal Behavior 142 Differing Models of Classification 143 Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders 143 Criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) 144 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Completion Does Not Assure Acceptance 146 summary 147 key terms 148 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health 149 What Is Stress? 151 Stress and the DSM 151 Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress 151 Characteristics of Stressors 152 Measuring Life Stress 153 Resilience 153 Stress and the Stress Response 154 Biological Costs of Stress 155 The Mind–Body Connection 155 Understanding the Immune System 155 Stress, Depression, and the Immune System 157 stres and physical health 158 Cardiovascular Disease 159 Hypertension 159 Coronary Heart Disease 160 Risk and Causal Factors in Cardiovascular Disease 161 the WORLD around us Racial Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in African Americans 163 Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders 164 Biological Interventions 164 Psychological Interventions 164 Stress and Mental Health 166 Adjustment Disorder 166 Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment 166 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 166 Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 167 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Changes to the Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD 168 Acute Stress Disorder 169 Clinical Description 169 Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population 169 Rates of PTSD After Traumatic Experiences 170 Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 173 Individual Risk Factors 174 Sociocultural Factors 175 Long-Term Effects of Posttraumatic Stress 176 Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders 176 Prevention 176 the WORLD around us Does Playing Tetris After a Traumatic Event Reduce Flashbacks? 177 Treatment for Stress Disorders 177 Psychological Debriefing 178 the WORLD around us Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment for PTSD in Military Personnel 179 Challenges in Studying Disaster Victims 180 Trauma and Physical Health 180 UNRESOLVED issues Why Is the Study of Trauma so Contentious? 181 Why Is the Study of Trauma so Contentious? 181 summary 181 key terms 182 6 Mood Disorders and Suicide: Causal Factors, Theories, and Treatment 183 Mood Disorders: An Overview 184 Types of Mood Disorders 184 Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder 185 Criteria for Manic Episode 186 The Prevalence of Mood Disorders 186 Unipolar Depressive Disorders 186 Other Forms of Depression 187 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Was It Wise to Drop the Bereavement Exclusion for Major Depression? 187 developments in THINKING: A New DSM-5 Diagnosis: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder 188 Dysthymic Disorder (Persistent Depressive Disorder) 188 Criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) 189 Major Depressive Disorder 190 Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders 193 Biological Causal Factors 193 Psychological Causal Factors 198 developments in RESEARCH: Why Do Sex Differences in Unipolar Depression Emerge During Adolescence? 207 Bipolar and Related Disorders 209 Cyclothymic Disorder 210 Criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder 210 Bipolar Disorders (I and II) 211 Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders 214 Biological Causal Factors 214 Psychological Causal Factors 216 Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders 216 Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms 216 Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence 217 Demographic Differences in the United States 218 Treatments and Outcomes 218 Pharmacotherapy 219 Alternative Biological Treatments 221 Psychotherapy 221 Suicide: The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern 224 Who Attempts and Who Commits Suicide? 225 Suicide in Children 226 Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults 226 Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide 226 the WORLD around us Warning Signs for Student Suicide 227 Biological Causal Factors 228 Sociocultural Factors 228 Suicidal Ambivalence 229 Communication of Suicidal Intent 230 Suicide Notes 230 Suicide Prevention and Intervention 230 Treatment of Mental Disorders 230 Crisis Intervention 231 Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures 231 UNRESOLVED issues Is There a Right to Die? 231 summary 233 key terms 234 7 Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders 235 The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns 237 Fear 237 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Why is OCD No Longer Considered to Be an Anxiety Disorder? 237 Anxiety 238 Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities 238 Specific Phobias 239 Criteria for Specific Phobia 240 Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences 241 Psychological Causal Factors 241 Biological Causal Factors 244 Treatments 244 Social Phobias 246 Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences 246 Psychological Causal Factors 247 Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) 248 Biological Causal Factors 249 Treatments 250 Panic Disorder 251 Criteria for Panic Disorder 251 Agoraphobia 252 Criteria for Agoraphobia 252 Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences 253 Comorbidity with Other Disorders 254 The Timing of a First Panic Attack 254 Biological Causal Factors 254 Psychological Causal Factors 256 developments in RESEARCH: Nocturnal Panic Attacks 258 Treatments 260 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 261 Criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder 262 Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences 263 Comorbidity with Other Disorders 263 Psychological Causal Factors 263 Biological Causal Factors 265 Treatments 266 Obsessive-Compulsive and RelatedDisorders 267 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 267 Criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 268 Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences 269 Comorbidity with Other Disorders 270 Psychological Causal Factors 270 Biological Causal Factors 272 Treatments 274 Body Dysmorphic Disorder 275 Criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder 277 Hoarding Disorder 279 Trichotillomania 279 Cultural Perspectives 279 Cultural Differences in Sources of Worry 280 Taijin Kyofusho 280 UNRESOLVED issues The Choice of Treatments: Medications or Cognitive-Behavior Therapy? 281 summary 282 key terms 283 8 Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders: Characteristics and Treatment 284 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 285 Somatic Symptom Disorders 286 Hypochondriasis 286 Criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder 286 Somatization Disorder 289 Pain Disorder 290 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) 291 Criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder 291 Criteria for Conversion disorder 292 Distinguishing Somatization, Pain, and Conversion Disorders from Malingering and Factitious Disorder 295 Criteria for Factitious Disorder 295 the WORLD around us Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy) 296 Dissociative Disorders 297 Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder 297 Criteria for Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder 298 Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue 299 Criteria for Dissociative Amnesia 299 Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) 8 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Where Does Conversion Disorder Belong? 301 Criteria for Dissociative Identity Disorder 302 the WORLD around us DID, Schizophrenia, and Split Personality: Clearing Up the Confusion 303 Sociocultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders 309 Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders 309 UNRESOLVED issues DID and the Reality of “Recovered Memories” 311 summary 312 key terms 313 9 Schizophrenia: Clinical Picture, Causes, and Treatment 314 Schizophrenia 315 Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct 316 Epidemiology 316 Clinical Picture 317 Delusions 317 Criteria for Schizophrenia 318 Hallucinations 319 Disorganized Speech and Behavior 319 the WORLD around us Stress, Caffeine, and Hallucinations 320 Stress, Caffeine, and Hallucinations 320 Positive and Negative Symptoms 321 Subtypes of Schizophrenia 321 Other Psychotic Disorders 322 Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder 322 Criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder 322 Criteria for Delusional Disorder 323 Criteria for Brief Psychotic Disorder 323 Risk and Causal Factors 324 Genetic Factors 324 the WORLD around us 325 The Genain Quadruplets 325 Prenatal Exposures 329 Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis 330 A Neurodevelopmental Perspective 331 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: 333 Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome 333 Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities 333 Psychosocial and Cultural Factors 341 A Diathesis-Stress Model of Schizophrenia 344 Treatments and Outcomes 346 Clinical Outcome 346 Pharmacological Approaches 347 Psychosocial Approaches 348 UNRESOLVED issues 351 Why Are Recovery Rates in Schizophrenia Not Improving? 351 summary 351 key terms 352 10 Eating Disordersand Obesity 353 Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders 355 Anorexia Nervosa 355 Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa 355 Bulimia Nervosa 357 Criteria for Bulimia Nervosa 357 Binge Eating Disorder 358 Criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder 359 Age of Onset and Gender Differences 360 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Other Forms of Eating Disorders 360 Prevalence of Eating Disorders 361 Medical Complications of Eating Disorders 361 Course and Outcome 362 Diagnostic Crossover 363 Association of Eating Disorders With Other Forms of Psychopathology 363 Eating Disorders Across Cultures 364 the WORLD around us Ethnic Identity and Disordered Eating 365 Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders 366 Biological Factors 366 Sociocultural Factors 367 Family Influences 368 Individual Risk Factors 369 Treatment of Eating Disorders 372 Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa 372 Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa 373 Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder 375 The Problem of Obesity 375 Medical Issues 375 Definition and Prevalence 376 Weight Stigma 376 the WORLD around us Do Negative Messages About Being Overweight Encourage Overweight People to Eat More or Less? 377 Obesity and the DSM 377 Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity 377 The Role of Genes 377 Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation 378 Sociocultural Influences 378 Family Influences 380 Stress and “Comfort Food” 380 Pathways to Obesity 381 Treatment of Obesity 381 Lifestyle Modifications 381 Medications 382 Bariatric Surgery 382 The Importance of Prevention 383 UNRESOLVED issues The Role of Public Policy in the Prevention of Obesity 384 summary 385 key terms 386 11 Substance-Related Disorders: Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcome 387 Alcohol Related Disorders 389 The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographicsof Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 389 Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder 390 The Clinical Picture of Alcohol Related Disorders 391 developments in RESEARCH: 393 the WORLD around us 400 Binge Drinking in College 400 Sociocultural Causal Factors 401 Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders 401 Drug Abuse and Dependence 406 Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics) 407 Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants) 410 Methamphetamine 412 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: 413 Can Changes to the Diagnostic Criteria Result in Increased Drug Use? 413 Barbiturates (Sedatives) 413 Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs 414 Ecstasy 415 Marijuana 416 the WORLD around us 417 Should Marijuana Be Marketed and Sold 417 Openly as a Medication? 418 Stimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine 10 Gambling Disorder 420 Criteria for Gambling Disorder 420 UNRESOLVED issues 422 Exchanging Addictions: Is This an Effective Treatment Approach? 422 summary 422 key terms 423 Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 397 Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcohol 395 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: How Much Drinking Is Too Much? 393 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions 424 Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Practices and Standards 426 Case 1: Degeneracy and Abstinence Theory 426 Case 2: Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia 427 Case 3: Homosexuality and American Psychiatry 427 Gender Dysphoria 429 The Paraphilias 429 Criteria for Several Different Paraphilic Disorders 430 Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilias 436 Gender Dysphoria 436 Criteria for Gender Dysphoria 437 Criteria for Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults 438 Sexual Abuse 440 Childhood Sexual Abuse 440 Pedophilic Disorder 442 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Pedophilia and Hebephilia 443 Incest 445 Rape 445 Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders 448 the WORLD around us Megan’s Law 449 Sexual Dysfunctions 451 Criteria for Different Sexual Dysfunctions 452 Sexual Dysfunctions in Men 453 Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 454 Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder 456 UNRESOLVED issues How Harmful Is Childhood Sexual Abuse? 460 summary 461 key terms 462 13 Personality Disorders: Clinical Features and Treatment 463 Clinical Features of Personality Disorders 464 Difficulties Doing Research on Personality Disorders 466 Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders 466 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Why Were No Changes Made to the Way Personality Disorders Are Diagnosed? 467 Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders 468 Cluster A Personality Disorders 469 Paranoid Personality Disorder 469 Criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder 470 Schizoid Personality Disorder 472 Criteria for Schizoid Personality Disorder 473 Schizotypal Personality Disorder 474 Criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder 473 Cluster B Personality Disorders 474 Histrionic Personality Disorder 474 Narcissistic Personality Disorder 475 Criteria for Histrionic Personality Disorder 475 Criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder 476 Antisocial Personality Disorder 477 Borderline Personality Disorder 478 Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder 478 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Distinct Disorder or Symptom of Borderline Personality Disorder? 479 Cluster C Personality Disorders 481 Avoidant Personality Disorder 481 Criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder 482 Dependent Personality Disorder 483 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder 484 Criteria for Dependent Personality Disorder 484 Criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder 485 General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders 486 Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders 486 Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders 487 Treating Borderline Personality Disorder 487 Treating Other Personality Disorders 488 Criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder 489 Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy 489 Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder 489 The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder 490 Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality 493 the WORLD around us “Successful” Psychopaths 495 A Developmental Perspective on Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality 496 Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathicand Antisocial Personality 499 developments in PRACTICE: Prevention of Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder 500 UNRESOLVED issues DSM-5: How Can We Improve the Classification of Personality Disorders? 501 summary 501 key terms 502 14 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) 503 Maladaptive Behavior in Different Life Periods 505 Varying Clinical Pictures 505 Special Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children 505 The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders 506 Common Disorders of Childhood 506 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 506 Criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 507 Disruptive, Impulse-control and Conduct Disorder 510 Criteria for Conduct Disorder 510 Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents 513 Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence 513 Criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder 514 Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder 516 developments in RESEARCH: Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents:Is There an Epidemic? 518 Elimination Disorders (Enuresis, Encopresis),Sleepwalking, and Tics 519 Enuresis 520 Encopresis 520 Sleepwalking 521 Tic Disorders 521 Neurodevelopmental Disorders 522 Autism Spectrum Disorder 522 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder 523 developments in PRACTICE: Can Virtual Reality Video Games Improve Treatment of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders? 526 Specific Learning Disorders 527 Causal Factors in Learning Disorder 528 Treatments and Outcomes 528 Thinking Criticaly about DSM-5: Changes to the Diagnostic System are Nominal for Some Disorders 528 Intellectual Disability 529 Levels of Intellectual Disability 529 Causal Factors in Intellectual Disability 530 Organic Retardation Syndromes 531 Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention 534 Planning Better Programs to Help Children and Adolescents 536 Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents 536 the WORLD around us The Impact of Child Abuse on Psychological Adjustment 537 Family Therapy as a Means of Helping Children 538 Child Advocacy Programs 538 UNRESOLVED issues 539 Can Society Deal with Delinquent Behavior? 11 summary 541 key Terms 542 15 Neurocognitive Disorders: Clinical Features, Causes, and Treatment 543 Brain Impairment in Adults 545 Thinking Criticaly about DSM-5: Is the Inclusion of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder a Good Idea? 545 Clinical Signs of Brain Damage 545 Diffuse Versus Focal Damage 546 The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction 548 Delirium 549 Clinical Picture 549 Criteria for Delirium 550 Treatments and Outcomes 550 Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) 550 Criteria for Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) 551 Parkinson’s Disease 551 Huntington’s Disease 552 Alzheimer’s Disease 552 developments in RESEARCH: Depression Increases the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease 556 the WORLD around us Exercising Your Way to a Healthier Brain? 559 Neurocognitive Disorder Associated with HIV-1 Infection 560 Neurocognitive Disorder Associated with Vascular Disease 561 Amnestic Disorder 561 Disorders Involving Head Injury 562 Clinical Picture 563 the WORLD around us Brain Damage in Professional Athletes 565 Treatments and Outcomes 566 UNRESOLVED issues Should Healthy People Use Cognitive Enhancers? 567 summary 567 key terms 568 16 Treatment Approaches 569 An Overview of Treatment 570 Why Do People Seek Therapy? 570 Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services? 571 The Therapeutic Relationship 572 Measuring Success in Psychotherapy 573 Objectifying and Quantifying Change 573 Would Change Occur Anyway? 574 Can Therapy Be Harmful? 574 the WORLD around us When Therapy Harms 575 What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used? 575 Evidence-Based Treatment 575 Medication or Psychotherapy? 576 Combined Treatments 576 Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment 577 Behavior Therapy 577 Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 580 Humanistic-Experiential Therapies 582 Psychodynamic Therapies 584 Couple and Family Therapy 587 Eclecticism and Integration 588 Sociocultural Perspectives 589 Social Values and Psychotherapy 589 Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity 590 Biological Approaches to Treatment 590 Antipsychotic Drugs 590 Antianxiety Drugs 594 Thinking Critically about DSM-5: What Are Some of the Clinical Implications of the Recent Changes? 595 Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs 596 Electroconvulsive Therapy 597 Neurosurgery 598 the WORLD around us Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression 599 UNRESOLVED issues Do Psychiatric medications Help or Harm? 600 summary 601 key terms 602 17 Contemporary and Legal Issuesin Abnormal Psychology 603 Perspectives on Prevention 604 Universal Interventions 605 Selective Interventions 606 Indicated Interventions 609 Inpatient Mental Health Treatment in Contemporary Society 609 The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community 609 Aftercare Programs 610 Deinstitutionalization 611 Controversial Legal Issues and the Mentally Ill 612 Civil Commitment 612 the WORLD around us Important Court Decisions for Patient Rights 613 Assessment of “Dangerousness” 614 the WORLD around us Controversial Not Guilty Pleas: Can Altered Mind States or Personality Disorder Limit 615 Organized Efforts for Mental Health 622 U.S. Efforts for Mental Health 622 International Efforts for Mental Health 624 Challenges for the Future 624 The Need for Planning 625 The Individual’s Contribution 625 UNRESOLVED issues The HMOs and Mental Health Care 626 summary 628 key terms 628 Glossary 629 References 650 Credits 737 Name Index 743 A 743 B 744 C 746 D 748 E 749 G 751 H 752 I 754 J 754 K 755 L 756 M 758 N 761 O 761 F 750 P 762 Q 763 R 763 S 764 T 767 U 768 V 768 W 769 X 770 Y 770 Z 770 Subject Index 772 A 772 B 773 C 774 D 775 E 777 F 777 G 777 H 778 I 778 J 779 K 779 L 779 M 779 N 780 O 780 P 780 Q 782 R 782 T 783 U 784 V 784 W 784 X 785 Y 785 Z 785 Resource Added For The Psychology (includes Sociology) 108091 Courses. Abnormal Psychology: An Overview -- Historical And Contemporary Views Of Abnormal Behavior -- Causal Factors And Viewpoints -- Clinical Assessment And Diagnosis -- Stress And Physical And Mental Health -- Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, And Their Disorders -- Mood Disorders And Suicide -- Somatic Symptom And Dissociative Disorders -- Eating Disorders And Obesity -- Personality Disorders -- Substance-related Disorders -- Sexual Variants, Abuse, And Dysfunctions -- Schizophrenia And Other Psychotic Disorders -- Neurocognitive Disorders -- Disorders Of Childhood And Adolescence (neurodevelopmental Disorders) -- Therapy -- Contemporary And Legal Issues In Abnormal Psychology. Editions 1 Through 11 Published As: Abnormal Psychology And Modern Life; 1st-7th Under: James C. Coleman; 8th-11th Under: Robert C. Carson. From 12th Edition Under: James Neal Butcher. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.