Abnormal Psychology, Seventh Edition

Check out a preview.Each new edition of Ronald Comer’s Abnormal Psychology has offered a fresh, comprehensive, and exciting presentation of the field, with objective, balanced coverage of a wide range of theories, studies, disorders, and treatments and all major models. Each new edition has also integrated the latest in pedagogical tools and state-of-the-art media for students and instructors.But even by Comer’s standards, the new edition of Abnormal Psychology is an exceptional revision that captures the way the field has changed, the world has changed, and students have changed. The beautifully redesigned new edition features more than 2,000 new references from the years 2006-2009; hundreds of new photos, tables, and figures; and expanded coverage of multicultural issues, cognitive theories and treatments, and neuroscience topics. There has never been a text for the course so well-attuned to both the field of abnormal psychology and the wide range of students exploring it. Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 7 CONTENTS IN BRIEF......Page 8 CONTENTS......Page 9 PREFACE......Page 18 CHAPTER : 1 Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present......Page 30 PSYCH WATCH Verbal Debuts......Page 31 Distress......Page 32 The Elusive Nature of Abnormality......Page 33 What Is Treatment?......Page 34 How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past?......Page 35 A CLOSER LOOK Marching to a Different Drummer: Eccentrics......Page 36 Greek and Roman Views and Treatments......Page 37 Europe in the Middle Ages: Demonology Returns......Page 39 The Renaissance and the Rise of Asylums......Page 40 The Nineteenth Century: Reform and Moral Treatment......Page 42 The Early Twentieth Century: The Somatogenic and Psychogenic Perspectives......Page 43 Current Trends......Page 45 How Are People with Severe Disturbances Cared For?......Page 46 A Growing Emphasis on Preventing Disorders and Promoting Mental Health......Page 47 The Growing Influence of Insurance Coverage......Page 49 What Are Today’s Leading Theories and Professions?......Page 50 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: A WORK IN PROGRESS......Page 51 SUMMING UP......Page 52 CYBERSTUDY......Page 54 PSYCH WATCH Modern Pressures: Modern Problems......Page 38 A CLOSER LOOK The Moon and the Mind......Page 41 PSYCH WATCH Positive Psychology: Happiness Is All Around Us......Page 48 CHAPTER : 2 Research in Abnormal Psychology......Page 56 What Do Clinical Researchers Do?......Page 57 A CLOSER LOOK Animals Have Rights......Page 58 What Are the Limitations of Case Studies?......Page 60 Describing a Correlation......Page 61 When Can Correlations Be Trusted?......Page 64 What Are the Merits of the Correlational Method?......Page 65 Special Forms of Correlational Research......Page 66 The Control Group......Page 67 Alternative Experimental Designs......Page 69 Natural Experiment......Page 71 Analogue Experiment......Page 72 Single-Subject Experiment......Page 73 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: THE USE OF MULTIPLE RESEARCH METHODS......Page 74 SUMMING UP......Page 75 CYBERSTUDY......Page 76 THE MEDIA SPEAKS On Facebook, Scholars Link Up with Data......Page 62 PSYCH WATCH Clear as a Bell?......Page 68 A CLOSER LOOK Humans Have Rights, Too......Page 70 CHAPTER : 3 Models of Abnormality......Page 78 How Do Biological Theorists Explain Abnormal Behavior?......Page 80 Biological Treatments......Page 83 Assessing the Biological Model......Page 84 How Did Freud Explain Normal and Abnormal Functioning?......Page 85 How Do Other Psychodynamic Explanations Differ from Freud’s?......Page 87 Psychodynamic Therapies......Page 88 Assessing the Psychodynamic Model......Page 91 PSYCH WATCH Maternal Instincts......Page 92 How Do Behaviorists Explain Abnormal Functioning?......Page 93 Assessing the Behavioral Model......Page 94 Cognitive Therapies......Page 96 Assessing the Cognitive Model......Page 97 The Humanistic-Existential Model......Page 98 Rogers’s Humanistic Theory and Therapy......Page 99 Gestalt Theory and Therapy......Page 100 Existential Theories and Therapy......Page 102 How Do Family-Social Theorists Explain Abnormal Functioning?......Page 104 Family-Social Treatments......Page 106 How Do Multicultural Theorists Explain Abnormal Functioning?......Page 110 Multicultural Treatments......Page 111 Assessing the Sociocultural Model......Page 112 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: INTEGRATION OF THE MODELS......Page 113 SUMMING UP......Page 114 CYBERSTUDY......Page 116 PSYCH WATCH Surfing for Help......Page 101 PSYCH WATCH Self-Help Groups: Too Much of a Good Thing?......Page 107 Clinical Assessment: How and Why Does the Client Behave Abnormally?......Page 118 Characteristics of Assessment Tools......Page 119 Clinical Interviews......Page 120 Clinical Tests......Page 122 Clinical Observations......Page 132 Diagnosis: Does the Client’s Syndrome Match a Known Disorder?......Page 134 EYE ON CULTURE Culture-Bound Abnormality......Page 135 DSM-IV-TR......Page 137 Is DSM-IV-TR an Effective Classification System?......Page 138 Can Diagnosis and Labeling Cause Harm?......Page 140 Treatment Decisions......Page 142 The Effectiveness of Treatment......Page 143 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: RENEWED RESPECT COLLIDES WITH ECONOMIC PRESSURE......Page 146 SUMMING UP......Page 147 CYBERSTUDY......Page 148 A CLOSER LOOK The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth......Page 129 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Tests, eBay, and the Public Good......Page 133 EYE ON CULTURE Oppression and Mental Health: The Politics of Labeling......Page 141 PSYCH WATCH Dark Sites......Page 144 CHAPTER : 5 Anxiety Disorders......Page 150 Generalized Anxiety Disorder......Page 151 The Sociocultural Perspective: Societal and Multicultural Factors......Page 152 The Psychodynamic Perspective......Page 153 The Humanistic Perspective......Page 154 The Cognitive Perspective......Page 155 The Biological Perspective......Page 159 Specific Phobias......Page 163 Social Phobias......Page 164 What Causes Phobias?......Page 166 How Are Phobias Treated?......Page 169 Panic Disorder......Page 172 The Biological Perspective......Page 175 The Cognitive Perspective......Page 176 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder......Page 178 What Are the Features of Obsessions and Compulsions?......Page 179 The Psychodynamic Perspective......Page 180 The Behavioral Perspective......Page 181 The Cognitive Perspective......Page 184 The Biological Perspective......Page 185 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: DIATHESIS-STRESS IN ACTION......Page 187 SUMMING UP......Page 188 CYBERSTUDY......Page 190 A CLOSER LOOK Fears, Shmears: The Odds Are Usually on Our Side......Page 156 A CLOSER LOOK Phobias, Familiar and Not So Familiar......Page 167 PSYCH WATCH Panic: Everyone Is Vulnerable......Page 174 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Dining Out: The Obsessive- Compulsive Experience......Page 182 CHAPTER : 6 Stress Disorders......Page 192 Stress and Arousal: The Fight-or-Flight Response......Page 193 The Psychological Stress Disorders: Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders......Page 196 What Triggers a Psychological Stress Disorder?......Page 198 Why Do People Develop a Psychological Stress Disorder?......Page 202 How Do Clinicians Treat the Psychological Stress Disorders?......Page 208 Traditional Psychophysiological Disorders......Page 213 PSYCH WATCH Traumatic Jobs......Page 218 Psychological Treatments for Physical Disorders......Page 223 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: EXPANDING THE BOUNDARIES OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 227 SUMMING UP......Page 229 CYBERSTUDY......Page 230 PSYCH WATCH September 11, 2001: The Psychological Aftermath......Page 203 A CLOSER LOOK Adjustment Disorders: A Category of Compromise?......Page 206 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Combat Trauma Takes the Stand......Page 212 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Empathy Goes a Long Way......Page 226 CHAPTER : 7 Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders......Page 232 What Are Hysterical Somatoform Disorders?......Page 233 What Are Preoccupation Somatoform Disorders?......Page 237 What Causes Somatoform Disorders?......Page 240 How Are Somatoform Disorders Treated?......Page 245 Dissociative Disorders......Page 247 Dissociative Amnesia......Page 248 Dissociative Fugue......Page 250 Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)......Page 253 How Do Theorists Explain Dissociative Disorders?......Page 256 How Are Dissociative Disorders Treated?......Page 260 Depersonalization Disorder......Page 264 SUMMING UP......Page 266 CYBERSTUDY......Page 268 A CLOSER LOOK Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy......Page 238 EYE ON CULTURE Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder......Page 241 A CLOSER LOOK Repressed Childhood Memories or False Memory Syndrome?......Page 252 A CLOSER LOOK Peculiarities of Memory......Page 257 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Homeward Hound: A Case of Dog Fugue?......Page 262 CHAPTER : 8 Mood Disorders......Page 270 What Are the Symptoms of Depression?......Page 271 Diagnosing Unipolar Depression......Page 275 The Biological View......Page 276 Psychological Views......Page 280 Sociocultural Views......Page 288 What Are the Symptoms of Mania?......Page 292 Diagnosing Bipolar Disorders......Page 293 What Causes Bipolar Disorders?......Page 296 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: MAKING SENSE OF ALL THAT IS KNOWN......Page 300 SUMMING UP......Page 301 CYBERSTUDY......Page 302 THE MEDIA SPEAKS The Crying Game: Male vs. Female Tears......Page 274 PSYCH WATCH Sadness at the Happiest of Times......Page 277 A CLOSER LOOK The Rhythms of Depression......Page 281 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS Abnormality and Creativity: A Delicate Balance......Page 297 CHAPTER : 9 Treatments for Mood Disorders......Page 304 Psychological Approaches......Page 305 Sociocultural Approaches......Page 312 Biological Approaches......Page 314 How Do the Treatments for Unipolar Depression Compare?......Page 324 PSYCH WATCH “Ask Your Doctor If This Medication Is Right for You”......Page 327 Adjunctive Psychotherapy......Page 331 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: WITH SUCCESS COME NEW QUESTIONS......Page 332 SUMMING UP......Page 333 CYBERSTUDY......Page 334 THE MEDIA SPEAKS How Well Do Colleges Treat Depression?......Page 306 A CLOSER LOOK The Grieving Process......Page 311 PSYCH WATCH Nature’s Way......Page 315 EYE ON CULTURE First Dibs on Antidepressant Drugs?......Page 322 CHAPTER : 10 Suicide......Page 336 What Is Suicide?......Page 339 Patterns and Statistics......Page 341 Stressful Events and Situations......Page 344 Alcohol and Other Drug Use......Page 346 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS Can Music Inspire Suicide?......Page 347 Modeling: The Contagion of Suicide......Page 349 The Psychodynamic View......Page 350 Durkheim’s Sociocultural View......Page 352 The Biological View......Page 353 Is Suicide Linked to Age?......Page 354 Adolescents......Page 356 The Elderly......Page 359 What Treatments Are Used after Suicide Attempts?......Page 361 What Is Suicide Prevention?......Page 362 Do Suicide Prevention Programs Work?......Page 365 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS LAG BEHIND......Page 366 SUMMING UP......Page 367 CYBERSTUDY......Page 368 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS Suicide in the Family......Page 338 A CLOSER LOOK Suicide Notes......Page 342 EYE ON CULTURE Sociocultural Landscape: Suicide among the Japanese......Page 355 A CLOSER LOOK The Black Box Controversy: Do Antidepressants Cause Suicide?......Page 358 PSYCH WATCH The Right to Commit Suicide......Page 363 CHAPTER : 11 Eating Disorders......Page 370 Anorexia Nervosa......Page 371 The Clinical Picture......Page 373 Bulimia Nervosa......Page 374 Binges......Page 376 Compensatory Behaviors......Page 377 Bulimia Nervosa versus Anorexia Nervosa......Page 379 Psychodynamic Factors: Ego Deficiencies......Page 380 Cognitive Factors......Page 381 Mood Disorders......Page 382 Societal Pressures......Page 384 Family Environment......Page 387 Multicultural Factors: Racial and Ethnic Differences......Page 389 Multicultural Factors: Gender Differences......Page 390 Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa......Page 392 Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa......Page 396 PSYCH WATCH And She Lived Happily Ever After?......Page 398 SUMMING UP......Page 399 CYBERSTUDY......Page 400 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS We’ve Only Just Begun......Page 372 A CLOSER LOOK Obesity: To Lose or Not to Lose?......Page 385 EYE ON CULTURE Eating Disorders across the World......Page 388 CHAPTER : 12 Substance-Related Disorders......Page 402 Alcohol......Page 404 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs......Page 409 Opioids......Page 410 Cocaine......Page 412 Amphetamines......Page 416 Caffeine......Page 417 Hallucinogens......Page 418 Cannabis......Page 420 Combinations of Substances......Page 424 The Psychodynamic View......Page 426 The Cognitive-Behavioral Views......Page 427 The Biological View......Page 429 Behavioral Therapies......Page 431 Biological Treatments......Page 433 Sociocultural Therapies......Page 436 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: NEW WRINKLES TO A FAMILIAR STORY......Page 439 SUMMING UP......Page 440 CYBERSTUDY......Page 442 PSYCH WATCH College Binge Drinking: An Extracurricular Crisis......Page 407 A CLOSER LOOK Tobacco, Nicotine, and Addiction......Page 413 PSYCH WATCH Club Drugs: X Marks the (Wrong) Spot......Page 421 A CLOSER LOOK Controlled Drug Use versus Abstinence......Page 434 THE MEDIA SPEAKS In Real Time, Amy Winehouse’s Deeper Descent......Page 437 Sexual Dysfunctions......Page 444 Disorders of Desire......Page 445 Disorders of Excitement......Page 449 Disorders of Orgasm......Page 451 Disorders of Sexual Pain......Page 455 What Are the General Features of Sex Therapy?......Page 457 What Techniques Are Applied to Particular Dysfunctions?......Page 460 What Are the Current Trends in Sex Therapy?......Page 463 Paraphilias......Page 464 Fetishism......Page 465 Transvestic Fetishism......Page 466 Voyeurism......Page 467 Pedophilia......Page 468 Sexual Masochism......Page 470 Sexual Sadism......Page 471 Gender Identity Disorder......Page 472 Explanations of Gender Identity Disorder......Page 474 Treatments for Gender Identity Disorder......Page 475 SUMMING UP......Page 478 CYBERSTUDY......Page 480 PSYCH WATCH Lifetime Patterns of Sexual Behavior......Page 448 A CLOSER LOOK Common Sex-Role Myths......Page 456 EYE ON CULTURE Sexism, Viagra, and the Pill......Page 461 PSYCH WATCH Serving the Public Good......Page 469 EYE ON CULTURE Homosexuality and Society......Page 473 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Battling a Culture of Shame......Page 477 CHAPTER : 14 Schizophrenia......Page 482 The Clinical Picture of Schizophrenia......Page 483 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS A Beautiful Mind: Movies versus Reality......Page 485 Diagnosing Schizophrenia......Page 492 Biological Views......Page 493 Psychological Views......Page 500 Sociocultural Views......Page 502 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL MODELS LAG BEHIND......Page 506 SUMMING UP......Page 507 CYBERSTUDY......Page 508 PSYCH WATCH Howling for Attention......Page 490 A CLOSER LOOK Postpartum Psychosis: The Case of Andrea Yates......Page 497 CHAPTER : 15 Treatments for Schizophrenia and Other Severe Mental Disorders......Page 510 Institutional Care in the Past......Page 511 Milieu Therapy......Page 513 The Token Economy......Page 514 Antipsychotic Drugs......Page 515 How Effective Are Antipsychotic Drugs?......Page 516 The Unwanted Effects of Conventional Antipsychotic Drugs......Page 517 New Antipsychotic Drugs......Page 519 EYE ON CULTURE First Dibs on Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs?......Page 520 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy......Page 521 Family Therapy......Page 525 The Community Approach......Page 526 What Are the Features of Effective Community Care?......Page 527 How Has Community Treatment Failed?......Page 531 The Promise of Community Treatment......Page 533 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: AN IMPORTANT LESSON......Page 534 SUMMING UP......Page 535 CYBERSTUDY......Page 536 A CLOSER LOOK Lobotomy: How Could It Happen?......Page 512 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Can You Live with the Voices in Your Head?......Page 523 PSYCH WATCH Mentally Ill Chemical Abusers: A Challenge for Treatment......Page 529 CHAPTER : 16 Personality Disorders......Page 538 Paranoid Personality Disorder......Page 542 Schizoid Personality Disorder......Page 544 Schizotypal Personality Disorder......Page 545 Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 547 Borderline Personality Disorder......Page 552 Histrionic Personality Disorder......Page 558 Narcissistic Personality Disorder......Page 560 Avoidant Personality Disorder......Page 564 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder......Page 568 Multicultural Factors: Research Neglect......Page 570 What Problems Are Posed by the DSM-IV-TR Categories?......Page 571 Are There Better Ways to Classify Personality Disorders?......Page 572 Alternative Dimensional Approaches......Page 573 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: DISORDERS OF PERSONALITY ARE REDISCOVERED......Page 574 SUMMING UP......Page 575 CYBERSTUDY......Page 576 A CLOSER LOOK Personality and the Brain: The Case of Phineas Gage......Page 541 A CLOSER LOOK Gambling and Other Impulse Problems......Page 549 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Self-Cutting: The Wound That Will Not Heal......Page 555 PSYCH WATCH Lying: “Oh What a Tangled Web . . . ”......Page 561 CHAPTER : 17 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence......Page 578 Childhood and Adolescence......Page 579 Childhood Anxiety Disorders......Page 580 Treatments for Childhood Anxiety......Page 581 Major Depressive Disorder......Page 582 Bipolar Disorder......Page 585 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder......Page 586 What Are the Causes of Conduct Disorder?......Page 590 How Do Clinicians Treat Conduct Disorder?......Page 591 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 593 What Are the Causes of ADHD?......Page 594 How Is ADHD Treated?......Page 595 Multicultural Factors and ADHD......Page 597 Enuresis......Page 598 Encopresis......Page 600 Pervasive Developmental Disorders......Page 601 Mental Retardation......Page 608 SUMMING UP......Page 618 CYBERSTUDY......Page 620 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Alone in a Parallel Life......Page 584 PSYCH WATCH Bullying: A Growing Crisis?......Page 588 A CLOSER LOOK Child Abuse......Page 589 PSYCH WATCH A Special Kind of Talent......Page 605 A CLOSER LOOK Reading and ’Riting and ’Rithmetic......Page 611 CHAPTER : 18 Disorders of Aging and Cognition......Page 622 Old Age and Stress......Page 623 Depression in Later Life......Page 624 Substance Abuse in Later Life......Page 627 PSYCH WATCH The Oldest Old......Page 629 Delirium......Page 630 Dementia......Page 631 Issues Affecting the Mental Health of the Elderly......Page 643 SUMMING UP......Page 645 CYBERSTUDY......Page 646 A CLOSER LOOK Sleep and Sleep Disorders among the Old and Not So Old......Page 625 A CLOSER LOOK Amnestic Disorders: Forgetting to Remember......Page 635 THE MEDIA SPEAKS Doctor, Do No Harm......Page 640 PSYCH WATCH: ABNORMALITY AND THE ARTS “You Are the Music, While the Music Lasts”......Page 642 CHAPTER : 19 Law, Society, and the Mental Health Profession......Page 648 Psychology in Law: How Do Clinicians Influence the Criminal Justice System?......Page 649 Criminal Commitment and Insanity during Commission of a Crime......Page 650 Criminal Commitment and Incompetence to Stand Trial......Page 656 Civil Commitment......Page 658 Protecting Patients’ Rights......Page 663 Law in Psychology: Professional Boundaries......Page 666 Psychology in Law: Psychological Research of Legal Topics......Page 667 PSYCH WATCH Serial Murderers: Madness or Badness?......Page 669 Bringing Mental Health Services to the Workplace......Page 672 The Economics of Mental Health......Page 673 PUTTING IT TOGETHER: OPERATING WITHIN A LARGER SYSTEM......Page 674 SUMMING UP......Page 676 CYBERSTUDY......Page 678 A CLOSER LOOK Famous Insanity Defense Cases......Page 653 PSYCH WATCH Violence against Therapists......Page 659 EYE ON CULTURE The Separation of Mind and State......Page 661 THE MEDIA SPEAKS “Mad Pride” Fights a Stigma......Page 675 Glossary......Page 680 References......Page 696 Name Index......Page 776 Subject Index......Page 792

Comer (psychology, Princeton University) updates this edition of an undergraduate text with new material on recent theories and research, boxes on topics such as the psychological impact of 9/11, a new chapter on stress disorders, and critical thinking questions. The text features margin facts, discussion of current events and media personalities, historical notes, and quotes, plus color photos, to maintain student interest. Major psychological, biological, and sociocultural models receive balanced coverage, with numerous clinical examples bringing issues to life. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR